Electrons in Atoms Ch. 13.

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Presentation transcript:

Electrons in Atoms Ch. 13

13-1 Models of the Atom Dalton—Billiard ball model JJ Thomson—Plum Pudding Model Rutherford—Gold Foil Experiment

Niels Bohr Energy levels Like a ladder, steps, or an elevator (can’t stand between floors Quantum: the amount of energy an electron needs to make a jump between energy levels

The Bohr model of the atom. Ground State: lowest possible energy levels Excited State: when the atom absorbs energy so that its electrons are boosted to higher energy levels

Quantum Mechanical Model No exact path an electron takes around the nucleus—electron cloud Probability or likelihood of finding an electron in a certain position Orbitals: a region of an atom in which there is a high probability of finding electrons Each orbital can have 2 electrons

Quantum Model

Locations of Electrons in Atoms n = principal quantum number = energy level An energy level is subdivided into sublevels. Sublevels are subdivided into orbitals. An orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons or 1 pair of electrons. Sublevels: s, p, d, f

s-orbital (spherical) Every energy level has an s-orbital. Only one per energy level p-orbital (peanut) The 1st p-orbital is found in the 2nd energy level and beyond. There are 3 different p-orbitals (px, py, pz)

Diagram of principal energy levels 1 and 2.

d-orbital (4-leaf clover) The 1st d-orbital is found in the 3rd energy level and beyond. There are 5 different d-orbitals. f-orbital (flower) The 1st f-orbital is found in the 4th energy level and beyond. There are 7 different f-orbitals.

ENERGY LEVEL 1 2 3 4 SUBLEVELS s s, p s, p, d s, p, d, f

Let’s Review What’s the maximum number of electrons in the 1st energy level? What’s the maximum number of electrons in the 2nd energy level?

Partial electron configurations for the elements potassium through krypton.

Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible spectrum: sunlight (white light) passes through a prism Visible to the human eye Wavelength: the distance between two identical points on the wave Frequency: the # of wavelengths that pass a certain point in a given period of time

The wavelength of a wave.

Photons of red and blue light.

Colors and wavelengths of photons in the visible region.

An excited lithium atom emitting a photon of red light to drop to a lower energy state.

The color of the photon emitted depends on the energy change that produces it.

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