Future opportunities and developments for endoscopic gastroesophageal reflux disease therapy  Jack I Ramage, MD, Arnaldo B Feitoza, MD, Christopher J Gostout, MD  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics  Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages 211-221 (January 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8

Fig. 1 (A) Squamocolumnar junction with prominent distal esophageal mucosal cushions estimating the esophageal endoluminal area of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). (B) Anatomic depiction of the LES, including esophageal and gastric cardial components. (See also Color Plate 12.) (Copyright 1995, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, with permission.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)

Fig. 1 (A) Squamocolumnar junction with prominent distal esophageal mucosal cushions estimating the esophageal endoluminal area of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). (B) Anatomic depiction of the LES, including esophageal and gastric cardial components. (See also Color Plate 12.) (Copyright 1995, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, with permission.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)

Color Plate 12 Squamocolumnar junction with prominent distal esophageal mucosal cushions estimating the esophageal endoluminal area of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (See also Fig. 1A in article by Ramage et al.) (Copyright 1995, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, with permission.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)

Fig. 2 Esophagogastric junctional area visually noted as the border between the linear mucosal distal esophageal vessels and the upper ends of the rugal folds. (See also Color Plate 13.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)

Color Plate 13 Esophagogastric junctional area visually noted as the border between the linear mucosal distal esophageal vessels and the upper ends of the rugal folds (See also Fig. 2 in article by Ramage et al.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)

Fig. 3 Retroflexed view of the cardia demonstrating the collar of tissue that comprises the angle of His and the open area within the lesser curvature. (See also Color Plate 14.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)

Color Plate 14 Retroflexed view of the cardia demonstrating the collar of tissue that comprises the angle of His and the open area within the lesser curvature (See also Fig. 3 in article by Ramage et al.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)

Fig. 4 Patulous cardia of a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease. (See also Color Plate 15.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)

Color Plate 15 Patulous cardia of a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (See also Fig. 4 in article by Ramage et al.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)

Fig. 5 (A) Everted plication dominated by mucosal and submucosal apposition. (B) Inverted plication with full-thickness apposition of serosal surfaces. (Copyright 2002, Mayo Clinic.) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics 2003 13, 211-221DOI: (10.1016/S1052-5157(02)00119-8)