Or “study of itty-bitty creepy things” Microbiology Or “study of itty-bitty creepy things”

Classification Review -Prokaryotes- No Nuclei -Eukaryotes- nuclei.

“Bacteria” 2 kingdoms Eubacteria- kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes who’s cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan. - Larger Kingdom Archaebacteria- kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes who’s cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan. -Extremophiles Peptidoglycan – bacterial cell wall gives structural strength

Prokaryote Identification Identified by shape, cell walls, movement, ways to obtain energy.

Bacteria Shape: 3 types a. Bacilli- rod shaped b. Cocci- spherical c. Spirilla- spiral and corkscrew shaped.

Cell walls- determine by gram stain Gram Positive: peptidoglycan stains violet (purple) Gram negative: stains pink (red).

Movement- how do they move a. no movement b. Flagella- long whip like structure c. Lash, snake or spiral d. Slime that they secrete.

Obtain Energy Autotroph Heterotroph Photoautotroph- photosynthesis similar to plants (BlueGreen algae) Chemoautotroph- energy from inorganic molecules Heterotroph use energy from organic molecules (food) photoheterotrophs- need food and sunlight.

Bacteria Growth and Reproduction Binary Fission- type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote replicates its DNA and divides in half producing two identical daughter cells DNA Replicates DNA attaches to membrane Cell elongates by water uptake Cell splits.

Bacteria in Nature Decomposers- breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter - recycles nutrients.

Nitrogen Fixers convert nitrogen into ammonia Legumes- Symbiotic relationship with nitrogen- fixing bacteria.

Human Uses 1. Food- cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream, pickles, sauerkraut, vinegar, butter 2. Biotechnology- food, medicine, industry.

Disease any change, other than injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body Pathogen- disease causing agent such as bacteria or fungus. Two ways pathogens can hurt organisms: 1) damage tissue or 2) release toxins

1.Damage tissue examples a. Tuberculosis b. Tooth decay c. Pneumonia.

2.Release Toxins examples a. Strep throat b. Salmonella c. Tetanus d. Botulism.

Controlling Bacteria Antibiotic- blocks growth and reproduction of bacteria Sterilization- destroys bacteria using high heat or chemicals: no bacteria at all Disinfecting- Chemical that kill bacteria Dehydration- remove water, hinders growth Salting- chemical treatment: hinders growth.

6. Pasteurization-flash heat to lower population, kills pathogens 7. Preservatives- chemicals that make environment difficult to grow (ex: salt) 8. Cooling - slows growth.