1.1.1 Thermodynamics Unit 1.

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Presentation transcript:

1.1.1 Thermodynamics Unit 1

Energy Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat Thermodynamics is the production of heat

Thermal Energy Molecules and atoms that make up all substances are constantly in motion- this motion is called kinetic energy Thermal energy is related to ‘kinetic energy’ Molecular motion increase as temperature increases? Demo. of thermal energy- Rub hands together

Thermal Energy con’t Heat is also the flow of energy (always from a hotter substance to a colder one) Example- hold an ice cube in your hand- what happens? Heat from your hand is transferred to the ice cube, which then melts Spraying water on crops to prevent frost

Law of Conservation of Energy First Law: Energy is never created nor destroyed, it only changes form Ex- when gas is burned in your car, bond energy is converted into kinetic energy (moving pistons) and heat Chemical reactions typically involve potential energy being converted into kinetic energy

Heat energy and Temperature Heat- is the amount of kinetic energy in a sample of matter Flows from warmer to cooler objects Unit of heat is the Joule (J) FYI- one joule of energy is equal to the amount of energy used by a 100W bulb for 0.01 s An ordinary paper match burns about 1,000 J Another unit is the calorie (cal)

Temperature Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy Units are in degrees celsius (oC) or in Kelvins (K) To convert between oC and K: oC= 273-K; K= oC+273 Assignment: converting Kelvin to celsius

Kinetic Energy Curves In any substance, all of the atoms are in constant motion However, not all molecules will have the same energy- some will be moving fast, some slow and some in between If we were to graph this it would be a bell graph

Kinetic energy Curve http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/chem30_05/1_energy/energy1_4.htm http://www.online.bcelearner.ca/file.php/11/course_material/unit1/U01L06.htm - for analogy

Something to think about: What has more heat energy an iceberg or a cup of boiling water? An iceberg because there are many more molecules in an iceberg than a cup of water; heat is the TOTAL kinetic energy therefore more molecules means more energy

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