The six Principles of the United States Constitution Chapter 3 start The six Principles of the United States Constitution Government Pineda

Learning Objective Language Objective Given the six principles of the Constitution, TSW compare and contrast four (4) principles by charting and explaining two differences and two similarities of each. Language Objective TSW compare using words such as (and, but, or)

I. Popular Sovereignty The people hold the ultimate authority. A representative democracy lets the people elect leaders to make decisions for them. Barbara Boxer and Diane Feinstein are CA’s elected officials in Congress (Senate)

II. Limited Government Framers wanted to guard against tyranny. Government is limited to the power given them in the Constitution, (Magna Carta). The Constitution tells how leaders who overstep their power can be removed

Clinton Acknowledges Affair! http://video.pbs.org/video/2167717426/ Issue 1: Did the president commit perjury? the willful giving of false testimony under oath or affirmation Issue 2: Did the president sin? Issue 3: Why did he cover up his affair? http://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/bill-clinton-lewinksy-affair-1998-9533796

III. Federalism The division of power between State and National Governments Some powers are shared The National (Federal) Government has the “supreme power”

IV. Separation of Powers No one holds “too much” power Legislative branch makes the laws Executive branch carries out the laws Judicial branch interprets the laws

Legislative Branch Senate and House of Representatives Make our nation’s laws Appropriate Money Regulate Immigration Establish Post Offices and Roads Regulate Interstate Commerce and Transportation Declare War

Legislative Checks Override president’s veto Ratify treaties Confirm executive appointments Impeach federal officers and judges Create and dissolve lower federal courts

Executive Branch The President of the United States Chief Executive, Chief of State, Chief Legislator Commander in Chief of the Arm Forces

Executive Checks Propose laws to Congress Veto laws made by Congress Negotiate foreign treaties Appoint federal judges Grant pardons to federal offenders i.e. Ford pardoned Nixon

Judicial Branch Supreme Court and other Federal Courts Preserve and protect the rights guaranteed by the Constitution Considers cases involving national laws Declares laws and acts “unconstitutional”

The Supreme Court, 2016 Back: Sotomayor, Breyer, Alito, Kagan Front: Thomas, Scalia, Roberts (Chief), Kennedy, Ginsburg

Judicial Checks Declare executive acts unconstitutional Declare laws unconstitutional Declare acts of Congress unconstitutional The Supreme Court holds the final check

Troy Davis Georgia law: death to those who practice death. Charged with killing a police officer, despite questionable evidence Sentenced to death in 1989, insisted on his innocence Appealed to Georgia Supreme Court, denied Appealed to U.S. Supreme Court Brief & outrage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=683UAypf2NY Democracy Now! Post-death https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZyvtC_QLIM Issue before SC: constitutionality of the death penalty. Does the Constitution forbid the death penalty? Troy Davis Georgia law: death to those who practice death.

Scalia wrote, "This Court has never held that the Constitution forbids the execution of a convicted defendant who has had a full and fair trial but is later able to convince a habeas court that he is 'actually' innocent. Quite to the contrary, we have repeatedly left that question unresolved." Habeas Corpus – the legal procedure that PREVENTS the government from “locking you up and throwing away the key.”

V. Checks and Balances Prevents the abuse of power in government Each branch can check each other branch

VI. Judicial Review This principle consists of the power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action.

Amending the Constitution The Constitution provides for its own amendment—that is, for changes in its written words. Article V sets out two methods for the proposal and two methods for the ratification of constitutional amendments, creating four possible methods of formal amendment.

Articles of the Constitution

Formal Amendment Process

Informal Amendment Processes Chapter 3 end Informal Amendment Processes the process by which over time many changes have been made in the Constitution which have not involved any changes in its written word. (1) the passage of basic legislation by Congress; (2) actions taken by the President; (3) key decisions of the Supreme Court; (4) the activities of political parties; and (5) custom. LAST SLIDE, STOP WRITING AFTER 23! ☺ ☺

Amendments to the Constitution

Amendments to the Constitution

Learning Objective Language Objective Given one amendment, TSWBAT present and justify the creation of the amendment by writing a brief and providing an example of the amendment’s application, with 90% accuracy. Language Objective TSW orally explain the justification of his/her amendment by speaking in complete sentences.

Constitution Activity Directions Each person will work two Amendments in the Constitution and present the following: # and Name of amendment (5 points) Date Amendment was ratified (5) Background Justification for each amendment? (15) What right does the amendment provide? (10) Real court case involving the amendment (15) Write two Level 3A or 3B questions to ask an assigned presenter (10), one per amendment. All of the above MUST be typed on one page (10) DUE: Per. 1 - 09/06/16; Per. 5 - 09/07/16 TOTAL: 70 points + 30 for presentation = 100

Constitution Activity Please DO: Type, 12 size font, Times New Roman 1 page per amendment MUST USE FORMAT PROVIDED USE YOUR OWN LANGUAGE Go to page 789 – 799 to read on your amendments or simply do research Share Doc with me at sageleadership1@gmail.com WARNING: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE OR YOU WILL EARN AN F!