Flow of Energy and Matter

Matter What is matter? What is living things made of? What stuff is made of What is living things made of? Elements Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N) “CHON” 99% of living things are made of CHON

Matter Matter is made by putting CHON into molecules like CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS & FATS and other organic molecules. Matter is neither created nor destroyed It is merely recycled and reused again & again The earth has basically the same amount of matter now as it always had Decomposers recycle the material back into C,H,O,N

Energy It takes ENERGY to make chemical bonds that put CHON together ENERGY is released when those bonds are broken (through digestion) Energy is transferred from organism to organism When energy is transferred most of it is given off as heat (90%) ONLY 10% is passed on.

Energy (continued) If only a little bit of the energy is passed on, then energy decreases and runs out So, ENERGY must always be added From where? The SUN Producers (plants) start with all of the energy 1st Order Consumers (herbivores or ominvores) Herbivores eat only producers 2nd Order Consumers (omnivores or carnivores) Ominvores eat other animals AND producers 3rd Order Consumers (Carnivores or omnivores) Carnivores eat other animals only

Detritivores eat the remains of plants and animals, but can be part of the food chain again Decomposers end the line of energy, they use it all up

Energy & Biomass Pyramid PRODUCERS 1st Level CONSUMERS 2nd Level CONSUMERS 3rd Level CONSUMERS SUN 0 % ENERGY LEFT Decomposers Herbivores & Omnivores Carnivores & Omnivores Plants

Energy & Matter Cycle (90%) (90%) (90%) Chemicals Producers (What ever is left) Heat Chemicals Sun Basic elements of life: Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon & Hydrogen (90%) Heat Producers Decomposers Bacteria, Moss, Mushrooms, etc. Consumers (90%) Heat (90%) Heat