ECOSYSTEMS.

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Ecology Concepts Ecosystems.

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Presentation transcript:

ECOSYSTEMS

What is missing from this food chain? detritivores

In what way is this food web more realistic than the food chain? The food web incorporates consumers that feed at multiple trophic levels

Primary Producers Who are the primary producers of most terrestrial ecosystems? Plants Who are the primary producers of most aquatic ecosystems? Microscopic algae and bacteria (phytoplankton), and multicellular algae and aquatic plants.

Consumers Herbivores - primary consumers Carnivores - secondary consumers Omnivores - can feed at multiple trophic levels

Decomposers What organisms are decomposers in most ecosystems? Fungi and Bacteria What do the decomposers do?

The energy budget of an ecosystem depends on its primary productivity. What is gross primary productivity? (GPP)

GPP represents energy available to consumers in an ecosystem.

What is Net Primary Productivity? (NPP) NPP = GPP - R

Net Primary Productivity Why is NPP a more useful measurement than GPP?

How is it that the open ocean has low net productivity yet accounts for most of the Earth’s total productivity?

Limiting Factors What sort of factors will limit productivity? Light intensity Water Inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. CO2

Energy Partitioning Within the Food Chain What does this number represent?

Energy Partitioning Within the Food Chain The energy available for the next trophic level.

Ecological Efficiency How much of energy is actually available to the next trophic level? Usually around 10% is available Why is it that we don’t see 6th order consumers?

Which has more energy, a quarter pound of salad or a quarter pound of beef ?

How can the producers in the English Channel support the producers in this ecosystem?

How many individuals are supported at the top level of this ecosystem?

Chemical Cycling

Biogeochemical Cycles – the way in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and throughout the biosphere.

(conversion to organic forms)

What does the loss of nitrates from the deforested ecosystem tell you about the water, and about how nitrates are normally maintained in the ecosystem?

What is going on in this picture?

We’ve Changed Our Tune

The Experimental Eutrophication of a Lake

Erosion of Earth’s Ozone Shield: The Ozone Hole Over the Antarctic

Erosion of Earth’s ozone shield: Thickness of the ozone layer