Kidney failure and the gut: p-cresol and the dangers from within

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Kidney failure and the gut: p-cresol and the dangers from within M. Ketteler Kidney International Volume 69, Issue 6, Pages 952-953 (March 2006) DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000236 Copyright © 2006 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 A hypothetical view of the role of p-cresol as a uremic toxin.p-Cresol is produced in the colon and reabsorbed but, because of protein binding, is insufficiently eliminated by hemodialysis in uremic patients. High p-cresol levels may cause endothelial or leukocyte dysfunction and may exert proinflammatory and hepatotoxic effects that contribute to increased mortality. Kidney International 2006 69, 952-953DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5000236) Copyright © 2006 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions