More on Natural Selection Bio Standard 8a, 7a, b, and c

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Presentation transcript:

More on Natural Selection Bio Standard 8a, 7a, b, and c How Does Evolution Occur? More on Natural Selection Bio Standard 8a, 7a, b, and c

Genetics Orgs differ by DNA they possess. DNA: code that forms your traits. DNA makes up genes- set of instructions for one trait. Chromosomes carry the genes. Some traits are dominant (shows up in offspring) or recessive (doesn’t show). DNA

Chromosomes

Genotype and Phenotype Genotype: genes/DNA that an org contains for a trait. Phenotype: observable/physical traits of an individual. Natural selection works on phenotypes, what org looks like.

 Survival of the Fittest. Darwin’s Natural Selection States that individs whose characteristics are well-suited to the environment will survive.  Survival of the Fittest.

Variation among individuals To Work… Populations have: Variation among individuals

2) Pop. size had to increase

3) Traits Are Passed on to Offspring

To Work..4) Struggle for Survival

Peppered Moth Story: Natural Selection Example England: 2 types of moths (same species): black and white. White: abundant, black: rare.

Peppered Moth Story: Natural Selection Example Trees the moths lived on were whitish colored. Predatory birds could only see dark moths to eat.  Huge white moth pops.

Then, the Industrial Revolution happened…

Coal was burned…created soot…

 Trees lined with soot…

SO…Now who is best fit for this environment??

Black moths now camouflaged w/ trees. Black moths  abundant, passed on genes to offspring.

Survival of the fittest! Natural selection works on an individual’s phenotype (physical features), not its genotype (DNA)

Types of Natural Selection 1) Stabilizing Selection: Selective pressures select against the 2 extremes of a trait. Ex: it is better to be average!

Types of Natural Selection 2) Directional selection: one extreme of the trait experiences selection against it. Ex: giraffes w/ short necks

Types of Natural Selection 3) Disruptive selection: Selection pressures act against individuals in the middle of the 2 extremes of the trait. Ex: it’s not good to be average

Peppered Moth Virtual Lab