AN OVERWIEV OF TURKISH SEED SECTOR & TURKISH SEED INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION TURKTED

Introduction * In the early 1980’s, Turkey made major economic changes and adopted a free market economy. * These reforms affected the agricultural sector in general and the seed sector in particular. * Both foreign and domestic seed companies make significant investments in Turkey by own capital or through joint ventures. * About 30-40 private seed companies were established within first years. * Between 1985 - 1990 rapid progress took place in Turkish seed sector and several measures. * The measures were adopted by government. These include : a. Abolishing the state monopoly and opening opportunities for private sector, b.Liberalizing seed prices for import and export, c.Providing low interest credit to investors in seed sector, d.Establishing infrastructure for seed production and trade, e.Encouraging foreign capital investments in the seed sector,

Establishment * In Turkey, variety registration and seed production, control, certification and trade are executed under the Law No:308 and related directives. * The Turkish Seed Industry Association (TURK-TED) was established in 1986 as a Sectoral NGO

Objectives The Association was formed to realize the following objectives: a. Create the unity among the members to protect their rights and interests b.Maintain domestic and foreign contacts of members involved in seeds c. Promote understanding with public institutions and members of Association. d. Organize study tours, symposiums and conferences to upgrade knowledge and skills of its members, e.Collect and provide statistical data on seed to its members, f. Collect and provide data on variety improvement, seed production, quality, distribution, trade and etc.. g. Contribute, the progress of national seed sector and economy by providing the above services,

Administration * Turk-Ted is governed by a General Assembly held biannually, * The Assembly discusses and approves annual budgets, programs, activities and modification of by laws of the Association, * The Executive Committee elected by the Assembly, manages the activities of the Association, * The Executive Committee grants full authority to General Secretariat for implementing its activities * The headquarter of Turk-Ted is located in Ankara and managed by full time Secretary General

Membership * There are approximately 110 national and multinational seed companies in Turkey. * About 60 private and one state seed enterprise are members of Turkish Seed Industry Association. * The share of member companies in seed production and trade is approximately 90 % of private sector. * The national seed sector primarily dominated by a public sector has undergone significant changes during the last 20 years. * The private sector has made significant developments and has reached a level to produce almost all hybrid maize, sunflower, potato and vegetable seeds in the country . * TURK-TED is a member of International Seed Federation (ISF)

The Role of TURK-TED The national seed regulations and legal arrangements are rather complicated. There are continuous contacts between between private sector which produces, exports seed and public institutions which control and issue the necessary permits. The public institutions frequently interferes in variety registration, seed production permits, seed certification, seed imports & export permits , etc…. The Association identifies problems faced and initiates the dialogue with governmental institutions. The participation of civil organizations in decision making process is very useful and critical. * The Association is invited to almost all meetings held by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on certification ,registration, etc.. * The Association makes significant preparation and effort to contribute to the decisions made by Ministry.

Main Targets TURK-TED aims at developing the seed sector to an international standards.The following are key step to achieve these objectives : a.Develop legal and institutional framework to define the roles and responsibilities of seed organizations based on models of GNIS (France) and NAK (The Netherlands), b.Promote both public and private sector participation in agricultural research, seed production and supply, c. Establish a national seed system compatible with OECD, ISTA,UPOV,ISF and EU norms, d. Plant Varieties Protection Law has been approved by Parliament, next step is to acquire UPOV membership, e. Establish the national seed sector where the role of state shifts from production to technical support and supervision  

Historical background of Seed Sector 1963 to be in place of Law No:308 on registration,control and certification, 1963 to be a member of ISTA, 1966 to be member of OECD certification system, 1982 Liberation of Seed prices, 1984 Liberation of Seed import, 1985 Governmental decree on Seed Sector incentives for investment, 1985 Number of national and international seed companies increased rapidly, Structure of Turkish seed sector has been changed mainly into from public institutions to private sector except self pollinated crops till 2004,

Seed Production in Turkey (ton) Crops/Years 2000 2001 2002 2003 Wheat 116 083 43 555 80 107 99 495 Barley 7 464 6 818 4 376 10 210 Maize(Hybrid) 11 976 13 602 15 231 21 388 Sunflower(Hybrid) 2 762 2 339 5 030 Soy Bean 782 1 214 585 373 Potato 37 141 17 669 26 259 30 041 Cotton 15 602 17 104 23 995 18 400 Vegetable 855 1 048 1 249 992 Alfalfa 446 458 328 273 Sanfoin 621 647 411 883 Common vetch 1 886 1 592 1 400 1 515 Paddy 1 769 1 995 966 1 298 Chickpea 699 1 521 388 180 Source: MARA

Share of Private Sector (%) Crops 1986 2002 2003 Wheat 0,2 10,0 5,53 Barley 0,0 13,8 10,75 Soybean 41,2 94,0 93,8 Maize(Hybrid) 91,2 98,8 99,2 Sunflower(Hybrid) 100,0 99,5 99,4 Potato 48,9 99,8 Vegetable 94,4 99,7 Forage Crops 10,9 31,6 26,5 Cotton 23,2 31,9 Source: MARA

Export (ton) Crops 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Wheat 2025 3715 679 20 300 Barley 700 --- 794 Maize(Hybrid) 4401 2418 4743 4694 12555 Sunflower(Hybrid) 1777 2128 1487 1416 1844 Cotton 153 455 267 1854 1542 Vegetable 63 35 58 100 98 Source: MARA

Imports (ton) Crops 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Wheat 944 892 21 129 1 452 Maize (Hybrid) 3 316 2 694 1 162 784 1 210 Paddy 60 45 --- 30 Sunflower(Hybrid) 20 49 17 177 85 Potato 19 512 15 524 3 126 14 147 7 570 Vegetable 459 610 887 1 148 696 Forage Crops 231 254 606 503 295 Grass Seed 1 415 2 048 1 423 2 131 2 012 Cotton (delinted) 607 436 166 13 Source:MARA

Production of certified seed, demand and supply Crops Plantation Area (Ha) Expected seed demand (Ton) Seed supply in tons (Last 3 years average) Share of seed supply in demand (%) Wheat 9.350.000 623.333 79.382 13 Barley 3.650.000 247.667 7.216 3 Maize (Hybrid) 550.000 16.500 8.589 52 Paddy 59.000 5.900 1.117 19 Chickpea 645.000 12.900 313 2 Dry beans 145.000 3.500 25 1 Sunflower(Hybrid) 510.000 2.040 1.800 88 Potato 200.000 300.000 25.160 8 Soybean 17.000 1.530 644 42 Groundnut 27.000 1.350 Cotton (delinted) 684.665 13.693 8.641 63 Vegetable 798.844 1.943 Alfalfa 249.000 1.245 357 29 Sanfoin 105.500 2.813 735 26 Common vetch 240.000 4.320 1.285 30 Sudan Grass 8.100 122 Sorghum X Sudan Grass n.a 140 Animal Beet 3.100 47 65 Sugar Beet 258.793 1.435 1.398 97 Source: MARA

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