Key mechanistic pathways in DKD Key mechanistic pathways in DKD. CD36, cluster of differentiation 36; CLA-1, LIMPII analogous-1; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GBM, glomerular basement membrane thickening; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; SAA, serum amyloid A; SBP-1, selenium-binding protein 1; TLR2, toll-like receptor 2; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4. Key mechanistic pathways in DKD. CD36, cluster of differentiation 36; CLA-1, LIMPII analogous-1; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GBM, glomerular basement membrane thickening; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; SAA, serum amyloid A; SBP-1, selenium-binding protein 1; TLR2, toll-like receptor 2; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4. Brad P. Dieter et al. Diabetes Spectr 2015;28:167-174 ©2015 by American Diabetes Association