Longevity and Fertility

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Presentation transcript:

Longevity and Fertility PAUL VANRADEN Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD paul@aipl.arsusda.gov

History of Productive Life January 1994 – Single-trait PL for bulls July 1994 – Multi-trait PL at HA for all bulls January 1995 – Base change of 0.9 months January 1996 – Cow PL PTA’s first published August 2000 – New multi-trait methods at USDA August 2000 – Base change of 0.8 months November 2000 – Genetic correlations reduced

PTA Productive Life Productive Life (PL) = Total months in milk by seven years of age, including up to 10 months per lactation. Multi-trait PL includes correlated traits Milk, fat, protein SCS Type composites (udder, feet & legs, size) Cull rate gradually replaces correlated traits

Calculation of Multi-trait PL PTA PL = PA PL + Cov(true PL – PA, PTA – PA) Var -1(PTA – PA) (PTA – PA) Begin with PA, regress on PTA – PA Direct (single trait) PL and 7 indirect traits included in vectors Weight on PTA – PA for each trait is determined by correlations, heritabilities, and reliabilities Decline to zero as single-trait REL for PL approaches 99%

Heritabilities and Correlations Milk Fat Protein PL SCS Size Udder F&L .30 .65 .90 .29 .20 .01 -.20 -.02 .77 .76 .26 .93 .82 .34 .085 -.40 -.04 .19 -.10 -.30 .10 -.11 -.33 .06 .03 .40 .22 .08 .27 .15 Genetic Correlation above diagonal Heritabilities on the diagonal (for Holsteins) Phenotypic Correlation below diagonal

Example Data for PL PTA REL % 81 61 66 75 71 67 PA -.4 RELPAb % 48 46 Milk (lb) Fat (lb) Protein (lb) PLa (mo) SCS Size Udder F&L PTA +1,947 +61 +1.1 +3.38 +.52 +.90 +.99 REL % 81 61 66 75 71 67 PA +588 +44 +28 -.4 +3.31 +.73 +.56 +.81 RELPAb % 48 46 47 aPTA is single trait, PA is multi-trait bRELPA max = 50%

Example Weights for PL PTA REL % 81 61 66 75 71 67 PA -.4 RELPAb % 48 Milk (lb) Fat (lb) Protein (lb) PLa (mo) SCS Size Udder F&L PTA +1,947 +61 +1.1 +3.38 +.52 +.90 +.99 REL % 81 61 66 75 71 67 PA +588 +44 +28 -.4 +3.31 +.73 +.56 +.81 RELPAb % 48 46 47 Relative wt. % 3 4 5 54 -5 -8 16 Multi-Trait PTA +1.4 RELMT % 63 aPTA is single trait, PA is multi-trait bRELPA max = 50%

Stability of PL Evaluations Update of 1997 study by Ryan Starkenburg August 2001 evaluations compared for: January 1995 active AI bulls February 1997 active AI bulls PTA protein adjusted to true protein Bulls with sample code ‘0’ excluded August 2001 PL reliability  90% Regressions (expected to be 1) Correlations (hoped to be high)

High PTA PL Bulls from 1995 PL 19951 PL 20012 PTA PL Bull Daus REL C-E Bell Jake 103 .72 8461 .99 3.4 2.8 P-R Roebuck 50 .63 21,282 2.0 E S-W-D Eagle 10,823 13,542 3.3 2.5 B-H MarkOPolo 538 .86 11,520 3.2 2.3 B Ethan 39 .57 9687 3.0 1.4 V-V Cleitus Bert 42 .56 12,956 2.9 L-B Abel 3013 .98 1.2 J Secret Kody 28 .48 1410 .96 1.1 1January 1995 Evaluation 2August 2001 Evaluation

Low PTA PL Bulls from 1995 PL 19951 PL 20012 PTA PL Bull Daus REL P Ijon Dakota 2817 .94 4086 .99 -2.0 -4.0 BigAlLouRahls 47 .53 809 -1.3 -0.5 M Enhanc. Tater 49 .57 650 .92 -1.1 -3.5 W-R Chalet-Red 131 .73 3346 .98 -1.0 -1.2 S Ijon Vision 86 .68 1363 .96 -0.9 -1.4 L-Ro-D Reid 120 1124 -0.8 R Rotate Jimmy 66 .62 706 O Rambo 199 .66 1839 -0.6 0.0 1January 1995 Evaluation 2August 2001 Evaluation

High PTA PL Bulls from 1997 PL 19971 PL 20012 PTA PL Bull Daus REL E Meadowlord 73 65 932 93 3.4 1.0 R-VU Emperor 64 63 7016 99 3.3 2.6 SFL Sndwtr Itm 97 66 2396 3.2 2.8 Ked Juror 80 68 9766 1.1 I-C B Troy Cash 71 67 1348 95 3.1 Prices Bonus 54 5142 1.2 H-B Clei Aspen 56 1154 94 1.9 H Aristides 87 69 10,428 3.0 2.0 1February 1997 Evaluation 2August 2001 Evaluation

Low PTA PL Bulls from 1997 PL 19971 PL 20012 PTA PL Bull Daus REL M-B C Geoffry 64 3299 98 -1.4 -1.8 Peticote Lance 1803 95 22,298 99 -1.2 -3.1 S-B N-B Mascot 10,460 31,021 -1.0 -2.7 Q-P Madison 320 81 637 92 -2.8 L Rex Richard 117 74 6581 -0.9 -1.5 J Rotate Jed 429 85 8951 -0.8 -0.7 P Desperado 621 89 1027 94 -0.6 -1.1 R Rte Juggler 2249 96 13,486 -1.7 1February 1997 Evaluation 2August 2001 Evaluation

Current and Past Evaluations Regressions and Correlations August 2001 Regressions Milk Fat Protein PL SCS February 1997 .90 .93 .85 .88 .94 January 1995 .92 .87 .96 August 2001 Correlations .81 .86 .82 .62 .83 .78 .58 .80

PL and Lifespan Defined Credit for maximum 10 mo per lactation Records  305d weren’t stored in database Long calving intervals unprofitable Lifespan Credit for months between lactations Higher yield and bST allow longer lactations Embryo donors not penalized

Lifespan and PL Compared Heritability 6.7% for lifespan 7.6% for PL (8.5% official PL estimate since 1994) Genetic correlations of lifespan .986 with PL More correlated than PL with yield Less correlated than PL with SCS Less correlated with fertility (-.46 vs -.59)

Cow Fertility Days Open Calving interval – 280 days Lower limit of 50 days, upper limit 250 Sold for reproductive problems = 250 Genetic parameters 3.7% heritability .32 correlation with protein .30 correlation with SCS

Bulls with Low Daughter Fertility PTA Days Open PTA PL P Lance 15.9 -3.0 J Rte Jed 11.1 -0.6 K-M Bell Joy 11.0 -0.5 E Rte Duke 10.9 -1.4 R Rte Juggler 9.7 -1.7 J-S Mark Anthony 9.5 -1.8 H Mr Mark Cinder 9.0 -0.1 A-R Ever-Ready 8.0 -0.7

Bulls with High Daughter Fertility PTA Days Open PTA PL E C Valiant -7.2 1.2 S Mark Arthur -6.0 3.4 O Chrmn Monitor -5.4 0.4 S Valiant Winken -5.3 0.7 T-H Valiant Rockie -5.2 0.9 C-W Valour -5.1 1.5 C Emerald Target -5.0 1.6 L-M Centurian -4.8

Foreign Longevity Evaluations Measures of longevity: Survival, herd life, stayability, durability, PL Most countries adjust for yield Evaluated in 13 Countries: Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, USA

Foreign Bull Productive Life Options Set PL equal to zero or breed average Simple regressions on yield (1995-2000) Use parent average from domestic PL data (August 2000) Combine PA with Interbull yield and type (November 2000) Include also Interbull SCS (May 2001) MACE for longevity (Dutch research)

Conclusions Longevity rankings have high value but lower accuracy than other traits. Cow fertility has low heritability (3.7%) but high genetic correlation with PL (-.59). Selection on PL is effective, but cow fertility evaluations could increase lifetime profit. Credit for embryo donors may be needed.