From gene to protein.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 10 How proteins are made.
Advertisements

Chapter 17~ From Gene to Protein
Gene Expression and Regulation
Molecular Genetics DNA RNA Protein Phenotype Genome Gene
Codes for the production of a repressor protein A regulator gene is a prokaryotic gene that An operator is a DNA segment that controls transcription by.
JEOPARDY #2 DNA and RNA Chapter 12 S2C06 Jeopardy Review
Review: The flow of genetic information in the cell is DNA  RNA  protein  The sequence of codons in DNA spells out the primary structure of a polypeptide.
Transcription & Translation Biology 6(C). Learning Objectives Describe how DNA is used to make protein Explain process of transcription Explain process.
10-2: RNA and 10-3: Protein Synthesis
Transcription & Translation
Protein Synthesis.
RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
FROM GENE TO PROTEIN: TRANSCRIPTION & RNA PROCESSING Chapter 17.
Essentials of the Living World Second Edition George B. Johnson Jonathan B. Losos Chapter 13 How Genes Work Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
How Proteins are Made. I. Decoding the Information in DNA A. Gene – sequence of DNA nucleotides within section of a chromosome that contain instructions.
DNA, RNA & Proteins Transcription Translation Chapter 3, 15 & 16.
Transcription and Translation
Activate Prior Knowledge
Gene Activity: How Genes Work
VII RNA and Protein Synthesis
Genetics: Chapter 7. What is genetics? The science of heredity; includes the study of genes, how they carry information, how they are replicated, how.
1 Gene expression Transcription and Translation. 2 1.Important Features: Eukaryotic cells a. DNA contains genetic template for proteins. b. DNA is found.
8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.
DNA Function: Information Transmission. ● DNA is called the “code of life.” What does it code for? *the information (“code”) to make proteins!
Protein Synthesis. Transcription DNA  mRNA Occurs in the nucleus Translation mRNA  tRNA  AA Occurs at the ribosome.
Gene Expression. Remember, every cell in your body contains the exact same DNA… …so why does a muscle cell have different structure and function than.
Complexities of Gene Expression Cells have regulated, complex systems –Not all genes are expressed in every cell –Many genes are not expressed all of.
RNA, transcription & translation Unit 1 – Human Cells.
Protein Synthesis Traits are determined by proteins (often enzymes) *Protein – 1 or more polypeptide chains *Polypeptide – chain of amino acids linked.
Chapter 13 GENE FUNCTION. A. Comparison of DNA & RNA.
Gene Expression How proteins are made.. what monomers make up proteins? what monomers make up nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)? WORKTOGETHERWORKTOGETHER.
 James Watson and Francis Crick worked out the three-dimensional structure of DNA, based on work by Rosalind Franklin Figure 10.3A, B.
Gene Expression : Transcription and Translation 3.4 & 7.3.
1 RNA ( Ribonucleic acid ) Structure: Similar to that of DNA except: 1- it is single stranded polyunucleotide chain. 2- Sugar is ribose 3- Uracil is instead.
Transcription and Translation HL 2014!
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis DNA is the genetic code for all life. DNA literally holds the instructions that make all life possible. Even so, DNA does not directly.
Transcription and Translation
Transcription and Translation
Jump Start Answer the following in your journal:
Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein
Transcription Part of the message encoded within the sequence of bases in DNA must be transcribed into a sequence of bases in RNA before translation can.
Types of RNA and TRANSCRIPTION
Transcription and Translation
Protein Synthesis.
Chapter 10 How Proteins are Made.
Exam #1 W 9/26 at 7-8:30pm in UTC 2.102A Review T 9/25 at 5pm in WRW 102 and in class 9/26.
Protein Synthesis Genetics.
Gene Expression : Transcription and Translation
RNA.
The Operon Hypothesis The Operon Hypothesis was developed by 2 researchers: Jacob and Monod It explains how genes are regulated in prokaryotes. They received.
Transcription & Translation.
Chapter 10 How Proteins Are Made.
Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein
How Proteins are Made.
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein.
Transcription and Translation
How Proteins are Made Biology I: Chapter 10.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
Chapter 17 From gene to protein.
Central Dogma Central Dogma categorized by: DNA Replication Transcription Translation From that, we find the flow of.
Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein
Transcription and Translation
Compared to DNA and Types
Protein Synthesis The genetic code – the sequence of nucleotides in DNA – is ultimately translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins – gene.
Transcription/ Translation
Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Gene Regulation
Replication, Transcription, Translation
RNA.
Protein Synthesis.
Presentation transcript:

From gene to protein

Process of making a protein DNA -> RNA -> protein Transcription RNA polymerase: separates the DNA (helicase does this in replication) then transcribes the DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) Promoter – the region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to transcription translation

Transcription 5’ 3’ 5’ 3’ DNA T A C G T A C G T A C G A T G C A T G C RNA polymerase A T G C A T G C A T G C DNA 5’ 3’

5’ 3’ 3’ 5’ 5’ 3’ Transcription DNA T A C G T A C G T A C G mRNA U A C RNA polymerase A T G C A T G C A T G C DNA 5’ 3’

Translation mRNA A U G A U G C G U A C G C A T U A C tRNA tRNA Ribosome – made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins E site (Exit site) P site (Peptide site) A site (Active site) Small subunit mRNA A U G A U G C G U A C G C A T U A C tRNA tRNA Large subunit Amino acid Amino acid

Translation mRNA A U G C G U A C G C A T U A C tRNA tRNA Ribosome – made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins E site (Exit site) P site (Peptide site) A site (Active site) Small subunit mRNA A U G C G U A C G C A T U A C tRNA tRNA Large subunit Amino acid Amino acid

Translation mRNA A U G C G U A C G C A T U A C U G C tRNA tRNA tRNA Ribosome – made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins E site (Exit site) P site (Peptide site) A site (Active site) Small subunit mRNA A U G C G U A C G C A T U A C U G C tRNA tRNA tRNA Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid

Translation mRNA A U G C G U A C G C A T U A C tRNA tRNA Ribosome – made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins E site (Exit site) P site (Peptide site) A site (Active site) Small subunit mRNA A U G C G U A C G C A T U A C codon anticodon tRNA tRNA Large subunit Amino acid Amino acid

Genetic Code

Alternative splice Primary RNA transcript processed Alternative splicing – when a region of DNA has different introns cut out to form different products

Post-transcriptional control 5’ mRNA 3’ exon exon exon A A A A A A 5’ cap 3’-poly-A tail 5’ cap and 3’-poly-A tail prevent degradation

Transcriptional Control in prokaryotes RNA polymerase Repressor promoter operator Gene DNA

Lac operon – an example of translational control activator cAMP lactose CAP RNA polymerase Repressor operator Group of genes = operon promoter CAP-binding site DNA

Transcriptional Control in Eukaryotes Transcription factor RNA polymerase Activator Gene Enhancer promoter DNA Transcription factor bound to RNA polymerase is called an initiation complex

Post-translational modifications Once you’ve made your protein, you can add other chemicals to the protein surface to alter its function Sugars Phosphate

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.