By Julia, Hampus and Emil

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Presentation transcript:

By Julia, Hampus and Emil [uh-mig-duh-luh] By Julia, Hampus and Emil

Location of Amygdala

Functions Fear (both emotion & response to it) Fight – flight - freeze Formation and storage of emotional memories Memory consolidation Involved in settling effects of emotional arousal on strength of a memory In classical conditioning: e.g. a rat gets a shock (=emotional arousal) everytime it touches some apparatus; learns to associate apparatus with shock (=memory). If amygdala activating drug is injected, memory for task is improved and vice versa.

Disfunctions Anxiety Autism Depression PTSD Phobia Epilepsy Inability to recognize facial expressions Mood changes Other psychiatric disorders

Study 1 Aim: Investigate what happens in the amygdala during and after phobia treatment Procedure: Examined brain activity of 18 people with social phobia as they spoke in front of a group using PET scans 1/3 of the participants received 9 weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy 1/3 received Citalopram and 1/3 received no treatment. Participants were tested again, using the same public speaking task, at 9 weeks and again after one year. Results: Activation in the amygdala and related cortical areas at 9 weeks could predict which people's symptoms would improve after one year

Study 2: ”S.M” Urbach-Wiethe disease Asked to draw facial expressions Bilateral calcification and atrophy of the anterior-medial temporal lobes Damaged Amygdala No clear symptoms Cannot recognize fear Asked to draw facial expressions Suceeded in all but fear “She did not know what an afraid face would look like.” Other individuals with bilateral destruction of the amygdala are consistent with this account

Bibliography Psychology Course Companion (IB Diploma Programme) John Crane & Jette Hannibal http://www.flyfishingdevon.co.uk/salmon/year2/aggression/amygdala-hippocampus.jpg http://brainmind.com/Case5.html http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/amygdala http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd9.html http://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch02_human_nervous_system/function_of_the_amygdala.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdala STUDIES http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=neurosci&part=A2053&rendertype=box&id=A2053 http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/162/6/1211