Verb Basics

Vocab Quiz 3 Tablinum Laboro In Triclinium Road Be Sit

Five Properties of Verbs Person – who’s doing the verb 1st, 2nd, 3rd Number – singular vs. plural, based on subject Tense – time it happens present, past, future, etc. Voice – don’t worry about it now Mood – don’t worry about it now

In English We (do, does) our best. He (do, does) the worst. I (am, are, is) happy. You (am, are, is) happy. He (am, are, is) happy. Why did you pick the one you picked?

Conjugating 3rd person verbs in Latin end with a –t. Changing a verb based on the subject, tense, etc. We do it in English without thinking; Latin does it 3rd person singular Subject of sentence: he, she, it, a nominative noun, or “there” Examples: He is a cowboy. Woody is a cowboy. There’s a snake in my boot! 3rd person verbs in Latin end with a –t. Only verbs we’ll be encountering for now. Laborat – he works

Why the extra stuff? Our vocab cards have laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus. These are called a verb’s four principal parts. Important later; remembering them now will be easier.

Translating So first, find the nominative. Then go to the verb. We don’t read Latin left to right, we read it by the endings. All of these say the same thing to a Roman: Coquus est in culinā. Est coquus in culinā. In culinā coquus est. In culinā est coquus. So first, find the nominative. Then go to the verb. Then add any prepositional phrase.

The irregular verb sum Sum, esse, fui, futurus – to be Irregular in English Am, are, is, was, were, be, being, been Irregular in Latin too Sum (I am) becomes est (he is), not sumt or sut. It’s weird – just memorize it

The verb “is” vs. “is verbing” Look at page 7. Est = ? Sedet = ? Where’s the Latin for “is” in the second one?! Latin says, “He sits,” and, “He is sitting,” the same way. Sedet. Latin does NOT say, “est sedet,” for, “He is sitting.”

Practice using pg.7 The cook is sleeping. The cook is in the kitchen. The son is working. The son is in the garden. The dog barks. The dog is in the street. The slave enters. The slave is entering. The mother is shouting. The father shouts.

Answers Coquus dormit. Coquus est in culinā. Filius laborat. Filius est in hortō. Canis latrat. Canis est in viā. Servus intrat. Mater clamat. Pater clamat.