The Global Distribution of Industry

A. Bulk-gaining Industries Product gains volume or weight during production i.e.: soft-drink bottling, T.V.s, Automobiles

Location of Beer Breweries Beer brewing is a bulk-gaining industry that needs to be located near consumers.

B. Break-of-Bulk Points location where transfer among different transportation types is possible i.e.: ship to truck

C. Global Industrial Regions Western & Central Europe Anglo America Russia & Ukraine East Asia

I. Europe coincides with coal & iron fields of: Germany (Rhine-Ruhr Valley), France, Be-Ne-Lux 1900: Europe controlled 90% of world’s manufacturing

Manufacturing Centers in Western Europe

Rhine—Ruhr Valley Concentration of iron & steel manufacturing Secondary activities: trains, machinery, & armaments Industry is highly dispersed No city has more than 1 million city of Rotterdam: world’s largest port

United Kingdom The U.K. has lost its international industrial leadership after World Wars Deteriorating factories Today: high-tech industries in south Japanese companies have more factories in U.K. than any other

Northern Italy Po River Basin textile manufacturing in 1800s Today: luxury cars, yachts, fashion

Secondary manufacturing regions in Europe

Deindustrialization: a process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor (switch from secondary manufacturing activities to a tertiary service economy) Abandoned street in Liverpool, England, where the population has decreased by one-third since deindustrialization

II. Anglo America N.E. of U.S. & S.E. of Canada: manufacturing “Megalopolis” (“Bowash” stretch of cities) known today as “Rust Belt” *Today: U.S. manufacturing less than 15% of economy

Secondary regions in U.S.: S.E. of U.S.: textiles, tobacco, food processing Gulf states: oil & natural gas N.W. of U.S.: aircraft Silicon Valley: computer/high-tech

III. E. Europe & Russia Manufacturing developed during WW II communist U.S.S.R. pushed for industrialization

Emergence of secondary manufacturing regions in former Soviet Union

IV. East Asia Japan: 2nd most industrialized country after U.S.

Newly Industrialized countries: Brazil, Mexico, India & China China: major state-planned growth after 1950 Focus on: N.E. district Northern district (Beijing) Chang district (Shanghai) Guangdong district Today: companies move production to take advantage of cheaper Chinese labor & special economic zones (SEZs), also known as export processing zones (EPZs)

Chinese secondary manufacturing regions

As China’s economy continues to grow, old neighborhoods (right) are destroyed to make room for new buildings (below) Beijing, China

An emerging industrial power: India: textiles, food processing, chemicals, software

The Four “Asian Tigers” All industrialized economies: South Korea Taiwan Hong Kong Singapore