The Systems of the Body The “Inside Story”!

The Digestive System

Digestion begins in the mouth!! As you chew, saliva from your salivary glands mixes with the food, and digestion begins!! The lump of food you swallow down is called a bolus, and this heads down the esophagus towards the stomach.

The Esophagus The food bolus leaves the back of the throat, and is carried down to the stomach by “wave like” muscular contractions in the walls of the esophagus called peristalsis.

Yummy in my Tummy! Once the food reaches your stomach, it is plunged into a caustic soup of stomach juice! This acid is strong enough to burn a hole in a rug… but your own stomach is protected, thankfully, by a layer of mucous.

Let’s peer into the stomach!!

After leaving the stomach, the partially digested food travels into the small intestine, where it continues to break down. Eventually, microscopic bits of nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream through tiny finger-like projections sticking into the small intestines called VILLI.

Each villi has very tiny blood vessels inside it Each villi has very tiny blood vessels inside it. The nutrients they absorb are carried all around the body to feed all of your cells.

The Large Intestine The large intestine begins on the lower right side of your body, and travels up and over the small intestine. It carries undigested material from the end of the small intestine… to the outside of the body while re-absorbing any extra water.

Appendectomy

Excretory System As the blood travels around the body delivering food and oxygen to all of the cells, it also collects waste from these cells. It is the job of the Kidneys to filter the blood, and remove this waste. The waste is stored inside the bladder until urination.

The Endocrine system includes… …The Adrenal glands which sit atop each of your kidneys. In times of danger, they produce Adrenaline, a chemical which causes your heart, and your lungs to work faster. This will prepare you for “FIGHT OR FLIGHT”

Respiratory System Consists of the trachea, lungs and diaphragm. Brings Oxygen (02) into the body, and rids the body of Carbon Dioxide (C02).

Includes the trachea, the lungs, and the diaphragm. This system is responsible for bringing Oxygen (02) into the body, and getting rid of Carbon Dioxide (C02).

The Nervous system consists of the Brain, the Spinal cord, and all of the organs associated with your senses…. (hearing, sight, taste, touch, and smell)

IRIS PUPIL

CORNEA SCLERA

The Circulatory System The Circulatory system consists of the heart and the blood vessels. The heart pumps the blood, and the vessels carry the blood throughout the body.

The mammalian heart contains four chambers The mammalian heart contains four chambers. The right side of the heart contains blood which needs oxygen, and the left side of the heart is filled with oxygen rich blood ready to travel out to the rest of the body.

Arteries travel away from the heart, and generally are RED Veins travel to the heart, and generally are BLUE PBS RED GOLD SITE