Chapter 17 Creating American Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy How our government deals with other nations Many shifts Neutrality Imperialism

goals Based on America’s vital interests Protecting security Preserving peace Promoting prosperity Pursuing humanitarian ideals

National Security Most important job of government = protect people from attack Create armed forces Form military alliances Priority = protect citizens from terrorism

World Peace Peaceful world = security from both a military and economic view United Nations (UN) = peacekeeping organization Mediation

Economic Prosperity Government protects the right of Americans to buy and sell goods to and from other countries US = leader in globalization = more open less restricted trade & communication among nations

Humanitarian Ideals Promote freedom & democracy Ending poverty Promoting human rights How? Send aide to other countries, assist with elections

Foreign Policy Getting other countries to do what we want 2 ways #1 Soft Power or persuasion Many forms from diplomacy to exchange of arts

Diplomacy Art and practice of conducting negotiotions between countries Diplomat = government official in another country Ambassador = highest ranking diplomat

Diplomatic Recognition 1st step Acknowledgement of another country’s government Approve Disapprove

Summits Meetings with national leaders G 8 Summit = global economy 1972 = Nixon to China = led to 1979 diplomatic recognition

Treaties Agreements that solve problems peacefully Bilateral = 2 countries Multilateral = 3 or more countries War Environment

Trade Relations Use to show approval or disapproval of a government Most agreements include “most-favored-nation clause” Countries are treated equally

Foreign Aid Cash Equipment People US provided aid to 180 other nations Page 315 (5 types)

Cultural Exchange Increase of goodwill and understanding Eduaction Science Business Performers

#2 Hard Power Tools of Foreign Policy Designed to coerce another country to adopt a course of action How?

Intelligence Info about other country Related to National Security CIA (gather info through public sources or by spying)

Covert Action Secret operation that supports the country’s foreign policy Cold War al Qaeda Agents…..airplanes…..drones

Boycotts & Economic Sanctions Economic Pressure Boycott Refusal to buy goods or take part in something Sanction Action taken against a government to get it to change policy (trade barrier to hurt economy)

Military Alliance Agreement by countries to defend each other in case of attack Mutual Protection NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 28 nations

Armed Force Last resort “war is a failure of diplomacy” Full scale war is often not necessary

Foreign Policy “C” = divides responsibility between President & Congress Treaties Ambassadors War

Bureaucracy Administrations & Organizations Page 320 (4 areas of responsibility) Diplomacy Intelligence National Security Economy

Influence of Congress Congress must “fund” actions by the President “power of the purse” Congress can conduct investigations into foreign policy issues Foreign Relation Committees in the Senate & House shape legislation and advise the President

Public Opinion Does the public support government actions? Polls say “yes” or “no” and President usually listens.

Worldviews How American’s view foreign policy depends on how they see the world Isolationism Containment Disengagement Human Rights Antiterrorism