Warm-up: The Progressives (Section 1) November 18th, 2011 Warm-up: The Progressives (Section 1) *Describe the long campaign and great effort required to achieve woman suffrage *Identify the earliest victories for suffrage as occurring at the state level, mostly in western states *Describe the internal division in the campaign before victory was achieved Notes: 13.3 Go over circle activity Quiz: 13.3 Homework: Finish work listed above

Progressivism: Its Impact on National Politics

The presidency after Roosevelt The day after his re-election in 1904, Teddy Roosevelt (TR) Announced he would not seek another term. As the election of 1908 neared, TR handpicked the Republican nominee, secretary of war William Howard Taft. Taft easily won over Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan. Taft promised to carry on TR’s reforms, but eventually gave in to the Republican “old guard”, who didn’t like Progressive reform, especially tariff (taxes on goods) reduction. This caused a split in the Republican party.

Ballinger-Pinchot, things get worse. Ignoring protests by conservationists, secretary of the Interior, Richard A. Ballinger allowed a private group to acquire several million acres of Alaskan public land with rich coal deposits. Gifford Pinchot, head of the Forest Service, protested against this to a congressional Committee. Pinchot was fired. Many Republicans didn't like that, and joined with democrats to investigate Ballinger. Although never found guilty, Ballinger resigned. Looked AWFUL for Taft…cant control your own cabinet? Known now as the Ballinger-Pinchot affair

Teddy’s Return TR returned from a hunting trip to Africa, to find massive protest against Taft. At first he kept out of it, but soon he was on the side of insurgent republicans in the midterm elections. TR called for more regulation of business, welfare legislation, workplace protections for women and children, and income and inheritance taxes. TR called it the New Nationalism. Republicans lost seats in the House, and progressives dominated the senate. TR announced his running for president against Taft in 1912.

Taft’s Record Taft didn't have a bad record. He supported the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments, as well as the Children’s Bureau. 16th: 17th: He also supported the Mann-Elkin’s Act, which gave control of telephone and telegraph rates under the Control of the Interstate Commerce Commission. However, he was never able to overcome the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair.

1912 TR and Taft fought over the Republican nomination, and TR began to win. Taft’s supporters however disqualified the delegates that TR won in the primaries, and charged them with fraud. TR then formed his own party, the Progressive Party, aka, the Bull Moose Party.

The Bull Moose Party The Bull Moose party wanted tariff reduction, an end to child labor, eight hour work day, popular election of senators, and women's suffrage. TR ran a vicious campaign, and even gave an hour and a half speech with a bullet wound in his chest. TR began to be called a people’s hero.

Four-Way Election Four men ran for President in 1912. Eugene V. Debs on the socialist ticket, Taft as the Republican candidate, TR as the Bull-Moose party, and Woodrow Wilson for the Democrats. Woodrow Wilson Promised a New Freedom, which promised to enforce antitrust laws, without threatening free economic competition.

Who won? Wilson won the presidential election because of one thing: the Republican party was split down the middle. If the Republicans had not been divided, Wilson would not have won. Wilson was First, TR came in second, and Taft came in third.

What did Wilson do? Wilson was not opposed to reform, but he wanted as much economic freedom as possible. Wilson lowered many tariffs, and created the Federal Trade Commission, to make sure businesses complied with trade regulations. Also created the Clayton Antitrust act, strengthening anti trust laws, and the Federal Farm Loan, which gave low interest loans to farmers. Wilson did however allow Jim Crow laws to be strengthened, and did not support a women's suffrage bill, because his platform did not call for it.

Controversial Appointment Wilson did do something spectacular. He Nominated William D. Brandeis to the Supreme Court, which drew protest as Brandeis was Jewish. He won anyway, and was the first Jewish nominee, and the first Jewish Supreme Court Justice. This was the peak of progressive reform at the federal Level.

Were they Progressive? Progressive usually means to work for progress, but progress is different depending on your environment, race, or class. For example, African Americans felt ignored by progressives, Roosevelt had even denied seating southern African American delegates, for fear of alienating white southern supporters. The creation of the NAACP was the only progressive movement geared toward African Americans. Progressives also only focused on the problems of cities, and not the problems of the rural community, as well as believing in “civilizing” the underdeveloped nations, regardless of what the residents of that country wanted.

End of an Era By the time that Wilson won his reelection in 1916, the calls for reform were beginning to end. War had broken out in Europe, and people were now calling for war instead of reform. By the end of 1916, the reform movement had sputtered out. Except for women's suffrage.