PAWAWORLD: WHY KENGEN SHOULD EMBRACE BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS By: Catherine Nyambala: Chief Engineer, Quality @I.Am.Auma #PawaWorld
Contents 1 2 3 4 5 The Opportunity Challenges The Solution The Proposal 4 Investment and Benefits 5
Pop Quiz 1 2 3 4 5 Strathmore Solar PV Capacity RBS Pension Plaza II Generator Capacity 2 Energy generated or sold year FY 2016/ 2017 3 Drilling Generators in KenGen 4 Average monthly energy consumption in Kenya 5
The Opportunity 1: High Capacity Battery Energy Storage System Q5 208kWh 10kWh for home Disruptive technology High capacity batteries Storage capabilities Scale this + mount in an array = “infinite storage capability”. 210kWh for commercial
3,150 kWh Powerpack system Singita Lodge in Kruger national park The Opportunity 1: High Capacity Battery Energy Storage System Applications 3,150 kWh Powerpack system Singita Lodge in Kruger national park 20 MW/80MWh battery system: Edison, Southern California, can power 2,500 households a day. 54MWh Powerpack batteries,13MW solar generation, 55000 solar panels: Hawaiian island powered
The Opportunity 2: As battery technology improves, the cost of the same is decreasing Lithium Ion technology is lighter, has got higher energy density, increased cycle life, lower self-discharge and lower maintenance. $1,000/kWh to $230/kWh between 2010 & 2016.
The Opportunity 3: Potential Uses of BESS Backup power to grid power failure Cut peak-demand charges. Peak capacity to the grid. Provide frequency regulation Off grid solution in combination with renewable sources This paper focuses on battery energy storage systems as backup to grid failure or as an off grid solution in combination with a renewable source.
The Opportunity 3: Importation of Generators in in Kenya Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Generators 961 1,011 1,223 1,311 1,705 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1,270 1,500 1,777 2,052 1,413 Source: Kenya Revenue Authority Customs 2017
The Opportunity 3: Capacities of Generators in Kenya Q2:345KVA Generator Capacities KVA 2017 % 2016 1 7.5 - 75 815 58% 1219 59% 2 76 - 375 416 29% 621 30% 3 376 - 750 160 11% 193 9% 4 751 - 2000 21 1% 17 5 >2000 0% Total 1413 2052 Source: Kenya Revenue Authority Customs 2017
The Opportunity 4 Power Interruption. Need for backup
Q1 650KW The Challenge1 Inability to store or sell excess energy from off grid installations
The Challenge 2 Disadvantages of Diesel Generators Heavy and large body parts Smoke Sound High maintenance costs, cost of fuel and logistical cost of refueling. In lodges backup generators pollute the environment and disturb peace. The Challenge 2 Disadvantages of Diesel Generators
battery energy storage system solution provider The Proposal 1 battery energy storage system solution provider put in place solutions that aim to replace backup generators in schools, hospitals, malls, Apartments, universities, hotels and others
for off grid areas including lodges, islands, remote villages, The Proposal 2 develop solutions of high capacity battery storage accompanied by solar generation for off grid areas including lodges, islands, remote villages, refugee camps and other similar areas.
Generator Data kW Equivalent and Purchase Price % kW Equivalent Purchase Price Millions 7.5 -75KVA 58 6 -64kW 0.65 76 -375KVA 30 65 -319kW 2 376 -750KVA 10 320 -638kW 4 750-2000KVA 639-1,700KVA 7
Backup Generator Considerations: Annual Maintenance and Running Cost Capacity KVA % Maintenance cost in kshs ’000 Fuel cost in kshs ’000 Total kshs ’000 1 7.5 – 75 58 80 240 320 2 76 – 375 30 110 1,315 1,425 3 376 – 750 10 180 3,286 3,466 4 >751 590 5,844 8,621 Assumptions 1 litre of fuel = 10kWh Run hrs = 50 hrs Cost of fuel = kshs 109 Median kW = 35, 192, 479, 1169 respectively This includes the following costs Fuel filters Oil Filters Air filters Oil Coolant Use of Workshop Spares where needed and Labour
Proposed Battery Energy Storage System It is practical to replace the 24 hour generators of 7.5 to 75 KVA with a Battery Energy Storage System of the following or close specifications and cost. 50kW, 200kWh, 4 hour, 50kWPeak Power, 2 Powerpacks @ $94,000, 1 Bidirectional 250kW Inverter @ $65,000, Cabling and site support hardware @ $ 3,000: Total $ 162,000. Payback Period 7 years
24 Hour Generator Considerations Annual Maintenance Cost Annual Running and Maintenance Cost Capacity KVA % Maintenance cost in Kshs millions Fuel Kshs millions Total Kshs millions 1 7.5 – 75 58 0.7 1.6 2.3 2 76 – 375 30 8.9 10.5 3 376 – 750 10 2.5 22.3 24.8 4 >751 4.8 54.1 58.9 Assumptions 1 litre of fuel = 10kWh Run hrs = 50 hrs Cost of fuel kshs 109 Median kW= 35, 192, 479, 1169 respectively
Proposed Battery Energy Storage System Specifications (to be accompanied by Solar PV in off grid areas Storage Systems of the following or close specifications and cost to be combined in array 50kW 100kWh, 4 hour, 50kW Peak Power, 2 Powerpack version 1.5 Cost $ 72,000. Payback period:7 years
Proposed Alternative Power Source Solar Solution Costs Q3: 7600 GWh Capacity KVA kW Cost in millions Kshs 1 7.5 – 75 35 21 2 76 – 375 192 115 3 376 – 750 479 287 4 >751 1,162 701
Investment and Return: 8 Installations Only 2 of Each Consider investing in 8 projects: 4 generator back up replacements and 4 24 hour generator replacements BACKUP GENERATOR REPLACEMENT SOLUTION 7.5KVA -75KVA 76KVA -375KVA Cost of ESS 16,200,000 64,800,000 50 kW 200kWh 1 Kshs 81,000,000 24 HOUR GENERATOR 50kW, 100kWh 7,200,000 36,000,000 Solar Solution 16,000,000 80,000,000 23,200,000 116,000,000 139,200,000 220,200,000 Profit (20%) 44,010,000 Investment in skills and tools 25,000000 Q4: 4 Generators rated 600V, 1.7 MVA, 0.7 pf 2. One (1) Auxiliary Generator; 415 V, 625 kVA, 0.8 pf
Cost Benefit Back Up Generator Solution Profit 7.5 -75 KVA 3.2 Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Generators 961 1,011 1,223 1,311 1,705 1,270 1,500 1,777 2,052 1,413 Back Up Generator Solution Profit 7.5 -75 KVA 3.2 76-375 KVA 13 24 Hour Generator Profit 7.5 -75 KVA 4.6 76-375 KVA 23.2 Total Profit for 1 installation each 44 12 per year such installations -= 500 million profit Benefit Brand Equity