Supervisors: Professor Shoichi ITO The role of agricultural extension services on the rice production efficiency in Laos: “A case study of ……..District, ………….. Province” Supervisors: Professor Shoichi ITO Associate Professor Hiroshi ISODA Assistant Professor Hisamitsu SAITO Phetsamone THANASACK ID: 2BE10221M E-mail: thanasack@hotmail.com Kyushu University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics Laboratory Food of Agricultural Policy Academic Year:2010-2012 2nd presentation 2011/05/17 2019/5/10

Contents Outline of the research contents Chapter II. Literature Review 2.1 Agricultural extension services Next step 2019/5/10

Outline of the research Table of contents Acknowledgement Abstract List of Figures List of Tables List of Appendixes Chapter I. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Problems 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Expected outcomes 1.5 Organization of study 2019/5/10

Chapter II. Literature Review 2.1 Agricultural extension services 2.2 Technical efficiency 2.3 Production efficiency Chapter III. Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Analysis Chapter IV. Overview of Study Country 2019/5/10

Chapter V. Selected Study Area This section needs to be discussed with related organizations in the home country in terms of: Existing data Access to area for data collection Chapter VI. Analysis and Results 6.1 Descriptive Result 6.2 Regressive Result 2019/5/10

Chapter VII. Conclusion and Policy implication References  Appendixes 2019/5/10

Bolikhanh District (New) Study Area Hom District (Old) Bolikhanh District (New) Source: http://faorap-apcas.org/rdes/toc.asp?path=PX/DATABASE/FAO/1%20Country%20Data/8%20LAO%20PDR/statistics.html 2019/5/10

Chapter II. Literature Review Extension services in Laos: Laos did not have an effective agricultural extension service. Technology transfer was carried out by the technical departments of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF). In August 2001 the National Agriculture and Forestry Extension Service (NAFES) was established. It is a fundamental step in the development of a national extension system and helps the development in terms of a sustainable agricultural extension system. The government has strong commitment to an extension approach that is decentralized, demand-driven and pro-poor. Source: The Lao Extension System. 2019/5/10

Figure 1 Structure of an interim extension coordination and management system NAFES: National Agriculture and Forestry Extension Services NAFRI: National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute PAFES: Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Extension Services PAFO: Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office DAFO: District Agriculture and Forestry Office Source: Sisanonh, S. (n.d.). T HE N ATIONAL A GRICULTURE AND F ORESTRY S ERVICE ’ S E XTENSION S YSTEM. Agriculture, 405-415. 2019/5/10

Roles and Responsibilities for each level in extension National Agriculture and Forestry Extension Service (NAFES) Assists the Minister in organising and encouraging extension in agriculture and forestry. Technical Division of NAFES coordinates and links with research, education and the technical departments at MAF, and manages extension implementation. Central Extension and Training Development Unit (CETDU) Develops methods and curricula. Coaches staff in all provinces and districts. Trains provincial and district extension staff in pilot areas. Facilitates information flow between village and central levels. Supervises extension activities with the provincial level on a regular basis. Maintains a network with national and international institutions and a knowledge database. Source: Agriculture, N., Service, F. E., Project, A., & Approach, L. E. (2004). The Lao Extension System. System, (August 2001), 191-198. 2019/5/10

Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO) Manages provincial agricultural and forestry activities. Technical sections of the PAFO provide advice on particular production systems. Provincial Agriculture and Extension Service (PAES) Trains and coaches district extension generalists. Identifies training needs of DAFO staff and farmers. Monitors, reports and conducts impact assessments. Coordinates between DAFO and Technical Sections. Develops extension material for specific agro-ecological situations. District Agriculture and Forestry Office (DAFO) Maintains regular contact with farmers. Reports activities, problems and farmers' needs to the PAFES. Connects farmers with SMS, funding institutions and private sector (among others). Source: Agriculture, N., Service, F. E., Project, A., & Approach, L. E. (2004). The Lao Extension System. System, (August 2001), 191-198. 2019/5/10

DAFO extension generalists Train and coach the VEW (village extension worker). Set and follow up learning projects. Apply (recurrent) Training Needs Assessments. Facilitate (initially) farmers COPs (community of practices) and VEW COPs. Advise on basic agricultural and livestock problems. Village Extension Workers (VEW) Participate in VEW-COPs. Initiate and facilitate learning projects. Share knowledge and skills with production groups. Are compensated by the villagers in cash, kind or labour. Extend learning projects to non-learning-project-members Source: Agriculture, N., Service, F. E., Project, A., & Approach, L. E. (2004). The Lao Extension System. System, (August 2001), 191-198. 2019/5/10

Chapter II. Literature Review 2.1 Agricultural extension services Principles of Agricultural services Build farmer’s capacity to help themselves and enable them to apply technologies suitable to their situation and available resources. Transfer techniques and technologies acquired from agriculture and forestry based research as well as other crosscutting information sources. Provide consultation and technical services to solve farmer’s  problems. Source: Sisanonh, S. (n.d.). T HE N ATIONAL A GRICULTURE AND F ORESTRY S ERVICE ’ S E XTENSION S YSTEM. Agriculture, 405-415. 2019/5/10

Next Step 2.2 Technical efficiency 2.3 Production efficiency 2nd presentation 2011/05/17 2019/5/10

References Mondor, T. a, Hurlburt, J., & Gammell, L. (2003). Enhancement, extension, and reversal of the frequency selectivity effect. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 10(2), 480-7. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473388. Sisanonh, S. (n.d.). T HE N ATIONAL A GRICULTURE AND F ORESTRY S ERVICE ’ S E XTENSION S YSTEM. Agriculture, 405-415. Asian Development Bank (2006 September). LAO PDR: An Evaluation Synthesis On Rice. Ninth Party Congress of Laos (2011 March 17th to 21st ) Lao Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, National Agriculture and Forestry Extension Services (NAFES) (January 2006): Extension for everyone. Lao Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Permanent Secretary Office (April 2008): Report on focused areas. http://worldfood.apionet.or.jp/graph/num.cgi [2011, March 25th] http://faorap-apcas.org/rdes/toc.asp?path=PX/DATABASE /FAO/1%20Country%20Data/8%20LAO%20PDR/statistics.html [2011, March 25th] Chandaworn Bounnad (2009): Study on impacts of change in rice prices on household incomes of rice farmers-A case study of Sangthong district in Laos, Master thesis. http://www.adb.org/LaoPDR/strategy.asp [2011, March 25th] 2019/5/10

Thank you very much for your attention 2019/5/10

Comments on 2011/05/17 Current problems of agricultural extension services need to be addressed in the research. How was to evaluate that extension services were not effective? (methods or procedures need to be figured out). To study other countries’ experience and Japanese extension services. Literature review should be consisted of various ideas or concepts which describe extension services. Survey or data collection has to be considered that villages utilized the extension services and some did not in order to compare them in terms of efficiency. References should be more developed refer to the Kyushu University’s standard. 2019/5/10