Endocrine System Overview

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Presentation transcript:

Endocrine System Overview target cell hormone bloodstream receptor not a target cell Glands: Major organs of the endocrine system Glands make hormones Hormones: chemical signals Hormones move through bloodstream Hormone binds to cell receptor Target cells produce proteins

There are steroid hormones and nonsteroid hormones Steroid hormones enter into the cell. Nonsteroid hormones do not enter the cell. Steroid hormone Non-steroid hormone Steroid hormone diffuses through the cell membrane Steroid hormone binds to a receptor within the cell. The hormone and receptor enter the nucleus and bind to DNA Steroid hormone causes DNA to make proteins. Nonsteroid hormone binds to receptor on the cell membrane. Receptor stimulates a second messenger with in the cell. Second messenger starts a series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm. Second messenger reactions activate enzymes. receptor second messenger receptor nucleus Chemical reactions DNA proteins activated enzymes

All the below create hormones Major Glands All the below create hormones Hypothalamus Stimulates the pituitary gland to release hormones Controls growth, reproduction, body temp Pituitary gland Controls cell growth and [H2O] in blood Stimulates other glands Thyroid gland Regulates metabolism, growth, development Thymus Allows WBCs to mature to fight infection Adrenal Glands Controls “fight or flight” response Increases breathing, alertness, blood pressure Pancreas Controls glucose level in blood Insulin, glucagon Gonads: influence sexual development Testes (males): testosterone Ovaries (females): Estrogen, progesterone HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY THYROID THYMUS ADRENAL GLANDS PANCREAS FEMALE GONADS :OVARIES MALE GONADS : TESTES

Releasing hormones stimulate other glands to produce hormones Allow glands to communicate with one another Are used in temperature regulation cold hormone A (TRH) hormone B (TSH) hormone C (Thyroxine)

Hormonal imbalances can cause severe illness Abnormal hormone levels affect homeostasis. Hormonal imbalances might be treated with surgery or medicine. Steroids, a pituitary tumor, or some prescription drugs can make the pituitary overactive and indirectly cause problems.

Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovaries Testes