Edexcel – Product Design: Graphics Paper and Board Edexcel – Product Design: Graphics

Paper and Board Producing wood pulp Manufacturing of paper and card Cards and boards; Drawing papers Commercial printing papers Commercial card and board Commercial packaging materials

Producing wood pulp Mechanical Chemical Waste Pulp Wood is ground down (this softens the lignin) More wood produced (quantity) Chemical uses chemical solutions to convert wood into pulp Acids or alkalis Better quality paper/board produced Not done in UK – must be imported Waste Pulp Recycled paper and board is used in both mechanical and chemical processes Lower grades of paper and board, not as strong

Producing Wood Pulp Wood is made of different materials One of which is lignin Lignin is great for binding all fibres together Softwoods and hardwoods are used Softwoods offer more strength Hardwoods offer a better finish

Manufacturing of paper and card Most modern papermaking machines are based on the principles of the Fourdrinier Machine. Paper machines have four distinct operational sections: Forming section (wet end) Press section Drying section Calender section

Forming Section Slurry of fibres is filtered out on a continuous fabric loop to form a wet web of fibre

Press Section Wet fiber web passes between large rolls loaded under high pressure to squeeze out as much water as possible

Drying Section A series of steam heated drying cylinders. Drying removes the water content

Calendering Section Heavy steel rolls smooth the dried paper

Card and Board Reminders: Paper Board Weight in gsm Thickness in microns

Cards and boards Drawing papers Layout Tracing Copier Cartridge lightweight, thin white paper- used for initial ideas- takes colour media well- low cost Tracing thin, translucent paper- making copies of drawings- high cost Copier Fairly cheap when bought in bulk and is available in a range of colours. It is also used for photocopying and inkjet printing usually. Cartridge good quality white paper- available in different weights- general purpose work- can be used to make simple models- medium cost

Cards and boards Commercial printing papers Bond Coated a high quality durable writing paper similar to bank paper but having a weight greater than 50gsm used for letterheads, other stationery and as paper for electronic printers. Coated has been coated by a compound to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness or reduced ink absorbency. for high quality printing used in packaging industry and in magazines

Cards and boards Commercial card and board Mounting board Recycled good quality thick card- coloured surface- used for final models- used for mounting work Recycled Used in secondary packaging may contain traces of inks, adhesives, and other residues which together give it a grey colour Less predictable composition and poorer functional properties

Commercial packaging materials Folding boxboard comprises of middle layers of mechanical pulp sandwiched between layers of bleached chemical pulp. Used in primary packaging. Corrugated card strong and lightweight, used for packaging protection and point of sale stands, available in different thicknesses Solid white board White board is a strong medium it is bleached so it provides a good surface for printing Foil lined board is good quality cardboard with a aluminium foil lining. This type of container is ideal for ready made meals or take away meals. The foil retains the heat and helps keep the food warm.

Task Sort out the papers and boards into the correct sequence.