PRIMARY SECTOR

Farming Farming is the growing of crops and the rearing of animals

Physical factors: climate Temperature: crops need a minimum of 6°C to grow. Rainfall: crops need between 250 mm and 500 mm a year.

Physical factors: relief Flat land is easier to grow crops on, there is less soil erosion and machinery can be used safely. Some places are too high to grow crops because they are too cold. Temperature decreases 6°C each 1000 m.

Physical factors: soil Soil needs to be fertile, deep and well drained.

Social and economic factors: labour Farming requires either Human labour (low yields) or Mechanisation (high yields)

Social and economic factors: market Farmers grow crops that are in demand and change to meet new demands. Markets are now global.

Social and economic factors: governments Quotas are limits on the amount of some produce set by the governments. Subsidies are money paid by the government to encourage some types of produce.

Classification of agriculture Pastoral Arable Mixed

Classification of agriculture Intensive: high yields from a small area of land Extensive: low yields from a large area of land.

Classification of agriculture Pastoral farming can also be intensive or extensive

Classification of agriculture Commercial: farming to make profit from sales of food. Subsistence: it produces food for the farmer’s family

Fishing Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish or other aquatic animals such as various types of shellfish.

Types of fishing Deep sea fishing Shallow water fishing

Commercial fishing Commercial fishing methods have become very efficient using large nets and sea-going processing factories.

Commercial fishing The development of refrigeration and freezing technologies transformed the commercial fishing industry: fishing vessels could be larger, spending more time away from port and therefore accessing fish stocks at a much greater distance..

Problems on fishing Pollution Overfishing

Main solutions for overfishing Creating exclusive economic zones (EEZ), an area extending 200 nautical miles seaward from the coast in which a country has sovereign rights to explore and explote marine resources. Restrictions or quotas. International treaties limit the fishing effort. Aquaculture

Aquaculture Aquaculture is the cultivation of the natural produce of water (such us fish or shellfish). Fish farming is a common kind of aquaculture.

Shellfish fishing A very important activity is also shellfish fishing. It can be on-boat or on-foot.

Semi-farming on-foot shellfish fishing On-foot shellfing fishing is made above all by women. A way to improve production is semi-farming.