Scientific Building Blocks Measurements Scientific Building Blocks

Scientific Notation Scientific Notation is expressing very large or small numbers so they can be manipulated easily 1 x 104 10,000 Exponent Positive or Negative Base Between 1 & 10

Scientific Notation 1 x 10-3 = 0.001 1 x 106 = 1,000,000

Scientific Notation Multiplication 1. Multiply the base numbers 2. Add the exponents 3. Express base number between 1 – 10 e.g. (5 x 104) x (3 x 10-2) = (5 x 3) x 10 (4+(-2)) = 15.0 x 102 = 1.5 x 101

Scientific Notation Division 1. Divide the base numbers 2. Subtract the exponents 3. Express base number between 1 – 10 e.g. (8 x 104) = 8 x 10 (4-(-3)) (2 x 10-3) 2 = 4 x 107

Scientific Notation Exercise Perform the following calculations. Express your answers in scientific notation. (7.6 x 10-4) x (1.5 x 107) = 11.4 x 103

Scientific Notation Exercise Perform the following calculations. Express your answers in scientific notation. 0.00053 / 29 = (5.3 x 10-4) / (2.9 x 101) = 1.83 x 10(-4-1) = 1.83 x 10-5

SI Units of Measurements SI Base Units Quantity Unit Symbol Length meter m Mass kilogram kg Temperature Kelvin °K Time second s

SI Prefixes giga- G billion (109) 1,000,000,000 mega- M million (106) Symbol Meaning Multiply Unit by giga- G billion (109) 1,000,000,000 mega- M million (106) 1,000,000 kilo- k thousand (103) 1,000 deci- d tenth (10-1) 0.1 centi- c hundredth (10-2) 0.01 milli- m thousandth (10-3) 0.001 micro- μ millionth (10-6) 0.000001 nano- n billionth (10-9) 0.000000001

Numerator & Denominator Conversions How many meters is 250 cm? 250 cm x 1 m = 250 m = 2.5 meters 100 cm 100 Conversion Factor Numerator & Denominator Are ALWAYS =

Conversions How many grams are in 2.5 centigrams? 2.5 cg x = 100 g This is called dimensional analysis

Solving Word Problems (Same technique as conversions!) How many grams of gasoline are in 10 liters if the density of gasoline is 2.5 g/l? 10 liter x = 250 grams 2.5 g l

Conversions You MUST Know 2.54 cm = 1 inch 39.4 in = 1 meter 1.06 quarts = 1 liter 2.2 pounds = 1 kilogram 454 grams = 1 pound 1 gal = 3.8 liters

Temperature Conversions °K = °Celsius + 273.15 °Celsius = °K - 273.15 0 °Kelvin = -273.15 °Celsius °F / °Celsius conversions (exact): °F = °C x 1.8 + 32 °C = (°F - 32) / 1.8