Regional variation in T1ρ and T2 times in osteoarthritic human menisci: correlation with mechanical properties and matrix composition M. Son, S.B. Goodman,

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Regional variation in T1ρ and T2 times in osteoarthritic human menisci: correlation with mechanical properties and matrix composition M. Son, S.B. Goodman, W. Chen, B.A. Hargreaves, G.E. Gold, M.E. Levenston Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 796-805 (June 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.002 Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Representative T1ρ and T2 (a) images at the first echo (TE = 0) and (b) maps of relaxation times from mono-exponential fits. 3D Fast GRE images (c) were used to divide the meniscus radially (d) into Inner (I), Middle (I) and Outer (O) thirds and circumferentially into Anterior (A), Central (C) and Posterior (P) thirds, resulting in nine separate regions for imaging and biochemical analysis. Circles indicate locations of mechanical testing samples. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 796-805DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.002) Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Variation of (a and b) T1ρ and (c and d) T2 relaxation times with (a, c) circumferential and (b, d) radial location. Except for circumferential variation in the T1ρ time, the significance patterns were consistent for medial and lateral menisci. Both imaging parameters showed shorter relaxation times in the central region compared to the anterior and posterior regions, and in the middle region compared to the inner region. Data shown as mean ± 95% confidence interval (n = 19–20). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 796-805DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.002) Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Radial patterns of (a) water (b and c) sGAG and (d and e) collagen contents in OA human menisci. sGAG content showed the most radial variation with the inner region showing the lowest level of sGAG/dry mass (b) and sGAG/wm (c). Data shown as mean ± 95% confidence interval (n = 19–20). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 796-805DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.002) Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Representative Safranin-O stained meniscal cross-section from the central region created by tiling 50 images. Red staining indicates regions of higher sGAG content. Consistent with quantitative measurements of sGAG content (Fig. 3), staining was most intense in the radially middle region and least intense in the radially inner region. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 796-805DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.002) Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 T2 relaxation time plotted vs T1ρ relaxation time for OA human menisci, along with results of Spearman's correlation analyses. Pooled across all nine regions of all samples, a high positive correlation was found between T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in OA human menisci. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 796-805DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.002) Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 T1ρ relaxation time plotted vs composition of OA human menisci, along with results of Spearman's correlation analyses. Pooled across all regions of all samples, T1ρ relaxation time displayed a positive correlation with water content (a), no correlation with sGAG (b) or collagen (d) per dry mass, and negative correlations with sGAG (c) and collagen (e) per wet mass. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 796-805DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.002) Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 T2 relaxation time plotted vs composition of OA human menisci, along with results of Spearman's correlation analyses. Pooled across all regions of all samples, T2 relaxation time displayed a positive correlation with water content (a), no correlation with sGAG per dry mass (b) and a negative correlation with collagen per dry mass (d), and negative correlations with sGAG (c) and collagen (e) per wet mass. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 796-805DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.002) Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 T1ρ (a and c) and T2 (d and f) relaxation time plotted vs mechanical properties of OA human menisci, along with results of Spearman's correlation analyses. Pooled across all regions of all samples, both T1ρ (a and c) and T2 (d and f) relaxation time displayed similar, negative correlations with the equilibrium (a, d) and dynamic (b, e) unconfined compression moduli and with the dynamic shear modulus (c, f). Note that samples with high moduli displayed minimal variation in either T1ρ or T2 relaxation times. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 796-805DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.002) Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions