UNIT 1: Immigrants and Urbanization

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Presentation transcript:

UNIT 1: Immigrants and Urbanization Sections 1 and 2

Immigrants Between 1870 and 1922: 20 million Europeans “New Immigrants” – those from southern and Eastern Europe (1890) about 200,000 Chinese about 260,000 from the West Indies. Nearly 1 million from Mexico

Ellis Island All immigrants passed through Ellis Island. Must pass inspections Doctor’s exam Legal inspection 20% were detained for more than a day before inspections. 2% were sent home.

Angel Island West Coast immigrants went through Angel Island. Harsh questioning and long detention periods. Chinese immigrants were treated like prisoners.

Angel Island Detained in this wooden house for several tens of days because of the exclusion laws. It's a pity heroes have no place to exercise their prowess. Waiting for news of my release, I am ready to snap my whip and gallop. All my kinsmen and housemates will be happy for me. But don't deny this Western grandeur, this imposing facade For behind the jade carvings, there lies a cage.(31) Angel Island Clip

Discovering Angel Island-Story behind the Poems

Immigration Restrictions Nativism – overt favoritism toward native-born Americans. Against Catholics, Jews, Slavs, Latinos, and Asians. Anglo-Saxon superiority beliefs

Anti-Asian Sentiment: Quotas/Limitations Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Banned all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials In 1902, Chinese immigration was prohibited indefinitely. Law was not repealed until 1943. Gentlemen’s Agreement 1907-1908, Japanese government agreed to limit emigration to the U.S.

Urbanization Most immigrants went to the cities. Steady jobs Social support Cultural attractions. Americanization movement

Problems & needs with urbanization Housing Lack of decent housing Row houses Tenements – slum. Dumbbell tenements Video Transportation electric streetcars, electric subways Water Fresh, safe drinking water Indoor plumbing Spread of diseases Sanitation Horse manure, sewage, factory smoke, garbage filled the streets. By 1900, most cities had sewer lines and sanitation departments.

Problems, cont. Fire Crime Limited water supply Wooden dwellings Use of candles and kerosene heaters Crime Pick-pockets, thieves, con men, gangs NYC organized first full-time police force in 1844, but still too small to protect citizens. After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871