Subject, predicate, complement The Parts of a Sentence Subject, predicate, complement

The Sentence A sentence is a word or word group that contains a subject and a verb and that expresses a complete thought. A sentence fragment is a word or word group that is capitalized and punctuated but that does not contain both a subject and a verb or does not express a complete thought.

The Sentence Was waiting by the door. The clerk was waiting by the door. The room with the high ceiling. The room with the high ceiling glowed in the sunset. After you have finished the test. Exit quietly after you have finished the test.

Subject & Predicate Subject – tells whom or what the sentence is about Predicate – says something about the subject Coyotes were howling in the distance. The telephone in the lobby rang. The woman wearing the red blouse is my aunt.

The Subject Simple Subject – the main word or word group that tells whom or what the sentence is about Complete Subject – consists of the simple subject and any words, phrases, or clauses that modify the simple subject The supportive and enthusiastic crowd cheered for the marathon runners. Out of the beaker rose a foul-smelling foam. Did you make the pizza, Travis?

The Predicate Simple Predicate (Verb) – the main word or word group that tells something about the subject Complete Predicate – consists of a verb and all the words that describe the verb and complete its meaning The ambulance raced out of the hospital driveway and down the street. Josh may have borrowed my book. Are you following the teacher’s advice?

Compound Subjects Compound Subject – consists of two or more subjects that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same verb Tony and Juan baked the bread. Tony, Juan, and Gilbert baked the bread. Either Tony or Juan baked the bread.

Compound Verbs Compound Verb – consists of two or more verbs that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same subject Jim Thorpe entered and won several events in the 1912 Olympics. The committee met, voted on the issue, and adjourned. My sister will buy or lease a car.

Compound Subjects & Verbs Both the subject and verb may be compound The students and teachers wrote the play and produced it. Either Roman or Kyle will write the story and send it to the newspaper.

Identifying Parts of a Sentence Predicate Nominative – a word or word group that is in the predicate and that identifies the subject or refers to it Predicate Adjective - follows a linking verb and tells us something about the subject Direct Object – a noun that receives the action of the transitive verb Indirect Object - a noun or pronoun that receives the direct object

Predicate Nominative Always follows a linking verb Dr. Smith is acting president of the university. She used to be the tallest girl on the team. This book is one of the author’s best piece of work.

Predicate Adjective Always follows a linking verb Francisco is cool. His behavior has been outrageous. That garbage on the street smells bad.

Direct Object Must have an action verb They named their son Mark. He hit the ball. Helpless against the wind, they sought the services of the fire department.

Indirect Object Must have an action verb The instructor gave his students A's. Grandfather left Jacob and Aaron all his money. Amy sold me her boat.

Complements Complement – a word or word group that completes the meaning of the verb Some groups of words need more than a subject and a verb to express a complete thought. It is a good car even though it is old. Who gave Alejandro the present?

Complements A complement may be compound Andrew looks happy and relaxed today. My dogs enjoy eating and napping.

Complements A complement may be a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective Nick might become a chemist. The raccoon watched us gardening in the backyard. The clerks at that store are helpful.

Types of Sentences Declarative Sentence – makes a statement and ends with a period Imperative Sentence – gives a command or makes a request; ends in a period Interrogative Sentence – asks a question and ends in a question mark Exclamatory Sentence – shows excitement or expresses strong feeling with an exclamation mark

Identifying & Punctuating the Kinds of Sentences Classify each sentence as imperative, declarative, interrogative, or exclamatory. How clever Sherlock Holmes is Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote four novels and fifty-six short stories about Holmes Have you read any of these short stories I particularly like the stories in which Holmes confronts the evil Professor Moriarity Read just one of these stories, and see why millions of mystery fan love Sherlock Holmes