Delia hip wo memorial school (hip wo) -project learning- 3D2  Yvan(6), vanessa(22), isaiah(5), nathan(20), nusaiba(7), daisy(12)

Contents of presentation What is the experiment about and its purpose Research Variables Procedure of experiments and results Conclusion

What is our experiment about? Creating Fire- retardant Paper from some household- items  and  Compare which substance is more fire-retardant  What is our experiment about?

Purpose of our experiment? -Determine which  substance creates a good fire- retardant paper From household- items  -Provide safety in daily life

Why did we choose this experiment? We wanted to have an experiment related to fire (pyrolysis) Fire- retardants are around us in our daily life We wanted to let people know how what are fire- retardant and how they function and help us

Why does paper burn? Because paper is  cellulose, there's a lot of energy given out as heat and yellow light, and the combustion of cellulose then gives out carbon dioxide and water

What is fire-Retardant ? Fire-retardants are a variety of substances added to combustible material to prevent them for catching on fire or slow the spread of fire.

How does fire-retardant work? It works by stopping or slowing down the 'flashover' of combustible materials What is a flashover? Flashover is the near-simultaneous ignition of exposed combustible material which undergo thermal decomposition and release flammable gases which is the process called 'burning'

Types of fire-retardant substances Bromine- Used to stop forest fire Calcium Silicate- Used as a protective layer for fire of some furnitures or structure  Baking soda- Used to stop kitchen fires

Apparatus Borax Baking Soda Hair Gel Vaseline Water Beaker Tongs Trays Bunsen Burner Glass Rod

Procedure Phase 1 Creating Fire-Retardant Solution -Combing water(150ml) with substance(50g) in a tray by stirring -Soaking paper in solution for 8 minutes -Drying paper for a week Phase 2 Testing Paper -Holding paper with tongs  -Burning the paper with the Bunsen burner -Compare results of different paper

Controlled Variables (Fair Test) Amount of water(150ml)  Amount of substances(50g) Temperature of Bunsen burner Independent Variable Type of solution (Baking Soda, Borax, Vaseline, Hair Gel) Dependent Variable Time of paper to stop burning

Experiment BORAX SOLUTION (2660ms) BAKING SODA (3880ms) VASELINE HAIR GEL (10000ms)

Hypothesis of why solutions worked or were a failure -The Borax and Baking Soda contained no oil, thus the paper absorbed everything from the solution. -Paper soaked in the Vaseline and Hair Gel solution. Vaseline and Hair Gel are oil-based, therefore we think that only water was absorbed from the solution of Hair Gel and Vaseline.

Error Purity of Solution Vaseline wouldn't bind with water as it contains oil   Soap had to be used as a mixing agent which affected the purity of solution and 'fair test' as the Individual Variable was more than one. Time Measurement The time was not measured during the experiment but was based on the video Distance of paper and Bunsen burner was not consistent which affected the accuracy of the time taken. Size of Paper The size of the paper soaked in solution of Baking Soda was different compared to the other paper

Experimental conclusion Experiment was in 2-phases which involved making the solution, soaking paper and burning the paper We discovered that Borax and Baking Soda was able to completely stop the spread of fire but the Vaseline and Hair Gel had no effect  During our experiment, errors in measurement of time, purity of one of our solution and size of different paper had errors. Experimental conclusion

REflection Possible improvements to avoid errors in our experiment -Keep the size of the paper consistent -Make sure that the substance was soluble in water -Use an apparatus will prevent the inconsistency of the distance between the paper and Bunsen burner such as a standing clamp

Teachers & Students for listening Thank You! Teachers & Students for listening