Phylum Cnidaria

Cnidaria A. Contains 1. corals 2. jelly fish (sea jellys) 3. sea anemones 4. hyrda B. All live underwater and nearly all live in the ocean C. Unlike sponges 1. cnidarians have layers of differentiated cells 2. organized into layers of tissue

2. Classes A. Hydrozoan (hydra) = 3700 species 1. polyps form colonies 2. Portuguese man-o-war is a floating hydrozoan colony

B. Anthozoa 1. Sea anemone and coral = 6100 species 2. grow either as solitary or colonial polyps

C. Scyphozoa 1. true jelly fishes (sea jelly) = 200 species 2. adult stage can grow more than 3 m in diameter 3. many are harmless, some are not!

D. Cubozoa 1. box jellyfish 2. bell is in a square formation 3. lethal sting – even human! 4. 3 m in length, up to 15 tentacles per side * No chance of surviving if stung- you will die in 2-3 minutes

Debate where to put Cubozoans phylogenetically Is it related to Scyphoza? Is it related to Hydrozoa? Scientists don’t agree!

3. Phylum Ctenophora A. comb jellies 1. 100 species

4. Body plan = radial symmetry A. Parts are arranged into circles around a central mouth 1. medusa form – bell shape form for swimming B. Top and bottom of animal – no front or back C. Nervous system present, but no “brain” 1. nerve net – diffuse web of interconnected nerve cells 2. allows for responses to environment D. Ocelli 1. organs able to detect presence or absence of light

E. Statocysts 1. organs which determine which way is up 2. used for balance F. Muscle like cells 1. contract when stimulated 2. ability for some movement G. Nematocysts 1. stinging cells used for defense and catching prey 2. sac containing poison and a tiny spring like harpoon 3. the box jelly fish has 5000 nematocysts

Stingers - Nematocysts

5. Feeding A. Tentacles capture prey with nematocysts B. Prey is paralyzed with poison C. Prey is pushed into the mouth to be digested D. Waste is expelled back through the mouth 1. gastrovascular cavity – hollows gut in the center of the body 2. one way in AND out!