Specialized tissue that enable the body and its parts to move. MUSCULAR SYSTEM Specialized tissue that enable the body and its parts to move. Muscular System BrainPop http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/muscles/

How many muscles are there in the human body? Answer: 640 Muscles The muscles make up about 40 % of the body mass. What is the longest muscle in the body? Answer: The Sartorius The Sartorius runs from the outside of the hip, down and across to the inside of the knee. It twists and pulls the thigh outwards. What is the smallest muscle in the body? Answer: The Stapedius The Stapedius is located deep in the ear. It is only 5mm long and thinner than cotton thread. It is involved in hearing. What is the biggest muscle in the body? Answer: The Gluteus Maximus The Gluteus Maximus is located in the buttock. It pulls the leg backwards powerfully for walking and running.

FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Movement (muscle move bones by pulling not pushing.) Maintenance of posture and muscle tone. (We are able to maintain our body position because of tonic contractions in our skeletal muscles. These contractions don’t produce movement yet hold our muscles in position.) 3. Heat production (contraction of muscles produces most of the heat required to maintain body temperature.) 4. Protects the bones & internal organs

2 TYPES OF MUSCLE VOLUNTARY MUSCLES – - muscles that are under your conscious control - smiling, turning a page in a book, getting out of your seat 2. INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES – - muscles that are not under your conscious control - muscles responsible for breathing, digestion

www.kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/MSmovie.html

The Skeletal & Muscular System Video Clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NP29ejPrOPE

3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE 1. SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE – - attached to the bones of your skeleton & provides the force to move your bones. - voluntary muscle (move when brain sends a message to muscle to move) - work in pairs (1 muscle contracts/1 muscle relaxes) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/3_anatomy_muscles_rev4.shtml

Bend arm - biceps  contract - triceps  extend Straighten arm - biceps  extend - triceps  contract

Bend knee - quadriceps  extend - hamstrings  contract Straighten knee - quadriceps  contract - hamstrings  extend

Crunches - abdomen  contract - back muscles  extend Point toes - calf muscle  contract - shin muscle  extend

Naming Skeletal Muscles Location of the muscle Shape of the muscle Relative Size of the muscle Direction/Orientation of the muscle fibers/cells Number of Origins Location of the Attachments Action of the muscle

Muscles Named by Location Epicranius (around cranium) Tibialis anterior (front of tibia)

Naming Skeletal Muscles Shape: deltoid (triangle) trapezius (trapezoid, 2 parallel sides) serratus (saw-toothed) rhomboideus (rhomboid, 4 parallel sides) orbicularis and sphincters (circular) Trapezius Deltoid Rhomboideus major Serratus anterior

Muscles Named by Size Psoas minor Psoas major maximus (largest) minimis (smallest) longus (longest) brevis (short) major (large) minor (small) Psoas major

Muscles Named for Number of Origins Biceps (2) Triceps (3) Quadriceps (4) Biceps brachii

Muscles Named for Action Flexor carpi radialis (extensor carpi radialis) – flexes wrist Abductor pollicis brevis (adductor pollicis) – flexes thumb Abductor magnus – abducts thigh Extensor digitorum – extends fingers Adductor magnus

- work automatically to control certain movements 3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE 2. SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE – - work automatically to control certain movements inside the body - involuntary - control breathing, heart rate, digestion

- found only in the heart - involuntary - never gets tired 3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE 3. CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE – - found only in the heart - involuntary - never gets tired

MUSCULAR STRENGTH & FLEXIBILITY Regular exercise makes individual muscle cells grow, and the whole muscle becomes thicker. Atrophy/hypertrophy muscles can become injured (strain, tear)

Human Body Pushing the Limits – Super Human Strength Video Clip http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=human+body+pushing+the+limits