The Scientific Revolution & The Enlightenment Week 2-4 Global 2 Ms. Lyons

Scientific Revolution Questioned ideas about the world Did NOT listen to the ideas of church Wanted proof of facts

People of the Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernicus heliocentric model (sun-centered) – planets revolve around the sun NOT the Earth– no one listened to him Galileo Galilei made a telescope – proved heliocentric theory was true – people mad he went against the Church – went on trial – had to take back ideas publicly Isaac Newton used math to prove gravity existed Rene Descartes human reason, NOT tradition should create knowledge

Scientific Method 1600’s: New way of thinking. It relies on experimentation & observation, NOT authority. State problem Collect info Hypothesis Experiment Record & analyze data Conclusion Repeat steps 1-6

Enlightenment 1700’s: People rejected traditional ideas & supported human reason. New views on power, government, & law.

Enlightenment Philosophers John Locke: All people have natural rights (life, liberty, & property) Government’s job = protect natural rights Later influenced Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence & French revolution Baron de Montesquieu Separation of powers: 3 branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) Checks & balances: prevents too much power in one branch Voltaire Freedom of thought, speech, religion Jean-Jacques Rousseau Wrote The Social Contract People stop being selfish & come together for the general good

Impact of Enlightenment Government Censorship Church & gov’t defend selves censored Enlightenment ideas & threw writers (Voltaire) in prison & burned books Enlightened Despots: absolute rulers who accepted Enlightenment ideas & used power to reform society Maria Theresa Austria, taxed rich to help poor, made primary education available to all kids Joseph II (son of Maria Theresa) most radical despot, chose gov’t officials for talent, not status, legal reforms, religious tolerance, ended censorship, ended serfdom later reforms were overturned by other rulers) Catherine the Great Russia, asked for advice of Russian people, built schools/hospitals, education for women, religious tolerance Catherine overturned these later after she became more repressive following a peasant uprising Democracy/Nationalism inspired individualism, personal freedom, human equality  DEMOCRACY grew. People = together for democracy – NATIONALISM. ideas contribute to age of REVOLUTION!