Fig. 3. HECTD2 contains a naturally occurring polymorphism at A19, which mislocalizes to the cytosol. HECTD2 contains a naturally occurring polymorphism.

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Fig. 3. HECTD2 contains a naturally occurring polymorphism at A19, which mislocalizes to the cytosol. HECTD2 contains a naturally occurring polymorphism at A19, which mislocalizes to the cytosol. (A) In vitro ubiquitination assay using V5-PIAS1 as the substrate and HECTD2WT and HECTD2A19P as the E3 ligase (n = 3). (B) Endogenous PIAS1 protein was immunoprecipitated from cell lysate using PIAS1 antibody and coupled to protein A/G beads. PIAS1 beads were then incubated with in vitro synthesized products expressing his-V5-HECTD2 mutants (top). After washing, proteins were eluted and processed for V5-HECTD2 immunoblotting (bottom) (n = 2). (C) MLE cells were transfected with increasing amounts of WT or A19P HECTD2 plasmids for 18 hours before being assayed for PIAS1 protein immunoblotting (n = 3). (D and E) MLE cells were transfected with an inducible HECTD2WT or HECTD2A19P plasmid under control of exogenous doxycycline. Cells were treated with doxycycline for various times and dose. Cells were then collected, and cell lysates were analyzed for HECTD2 and PIAS1 by immunoblotting (n = 2). (F) Half-life study of endogenous PIAS1 upon HECTD2WT or HECTD2A19P overexpression (n = 2). (G) 293T cells were cotransfected with Cignal NF-κB reporter plasmids and empty, HECTD2WT, or HECTD2A19P plasmid for 18 hours. Cells were then exposed to LPS or TNF for additional 18 hours before being assayed for NF-κB promoter activity. Means ± SEM (n = 3). (H) MLE cells were cotransfected with CFP-PIAS1 and YFP-HECTD2WT or YFP-HECTD2A19P. YFP-HECTD2WT and YFP-HECTD2A19P nuclear/cytosol fluorescent signals were measured and quantified (n > 20, right graph, *P < 0.0001 compared to WT). Cells were also subjected to irreversible photobleaching of YFP acceptor signal using a 514-nm laser. The emission fluorescence levels of both the donor CFP-PIAS1 and acceptor YFP-HECTD2WT or YFP-HECTD2A19P before and after acceptor photobleaching are shown in the lower panel; the region of interest across the nucleus is marked with a red arrow. The green arrow on the graph indicates donor CFP-PIAS1 signal before and after the photobleaching. Scale bar, 10 μm (n > 10). Source data in fig. S12 and table S3. Tiffany A. Coon et al., Sci Transl Med 2015;7:295ra109 Published by AAAS