Chemistry Unit 7 Warm Ups Mrs. Hilliard

Unit 7 Vocabulary Colligative Property Completely ionized Weak acid Molarity(M) Amphoteric substance Brønsted-Lowery Model Arrhenius Acid and Base Strong acid Solute pH scale Unsaturated Conjugate base Solution Hydronium ion Solvent Supersaturated Conjugate acid Saturated

Unit 7 Vocabulary Colligative Property- a physical property of a solution that depends on the number, but not the identity, of the dissolved particles. Supersaturated- contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature. Conjugate acid- the species produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid. Weak acid- an acid that ionizes only partially in dilute aqueous solution. Saturated- contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. Amphoteric substance- water and other substances that can act as both acids and bases. Completely ionized- when a solute completely separates into ions in solution. Arrhenius Acid and Base- an acid contains hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution and a base contains a hydroxide group and dissociates to produce hydroxide ion in aqueous solution. Molarity(M)- the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution. Brønsted-Lowery Model- a model of acids and bases in which an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor. Solute- one or more substances dissolved in a solution. Strong acid- an acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution. Unsaturated- contains less dissolved solute for a given temperature and pressure than a saturated solution, can hold more solute. pH scale- the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution; acidic solutions have pH values between 0 and 7, basic solutions have values between 7 and 14, and a solution with a pH of 7.0 is neutral. Solution- a uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture. Solvent- the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution. Conjugate base- the species produced when an acid donates a hydrogen ion to a base. Hydronium ion- the ion H3O+.

Solutions A substance that dissolves in a solvent is ___________. Two liquids that are soluble in each other in any proportion are __________. A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent is _______________. Rock candy is an example of what type of solution? More solute can be dissolved in what type of solution? What type of solution contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent? What type of solution contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature?

Solutions 2 Two liquids that can be mixed together but separate shortly after, such as Italian Dressing, are _________. What is an example of a solid solution? What type of solutions are very unstable? What type of solutions are stable? From the solubility curve, what is the solubility of potassium chloride at 80°C? From the solubility curve, what assumption can you make about the phase of KNO3? NH3?

Solutions 3 A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent is called what? What is a substance that does dissolve in a solvent called? To increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid you would do what to the temperature? On a solubility curve, any point on the line indicates what at the specific temperature?

Molarity M= mol/L Calculate the Molarity of a solution containing 0.5 mol of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 0.2 L of water. Calculate the Molarity of a solution containing 0.12 mol of HCl dissolved in 1.2 L of water. Calculate the Molarity of a solution containing 1.5 mol of CaCl2 dissolved in 2.1 L of water. Calculate the Molarity of a solution containing 4.8 mol of CuCl2 dissolved in 1.4 L of water. Calculate the Molarity of a solution containing 10g of NaOH dissolved in 2.1 L of water.

molality m = mol solute/ kg solvent Calculate the molality of hydrochloric acid in a solution containing 25g of hydrochloric acid in 325g of water. The molar mass of hydrochloric acid is 36.5g/mol. Calculate the molality of sodium hydroxide in a solution containing 50g of sodium hydroxide in 1500g of water. The molar mass of sodium hydroxide is 39.997g/mol. Calculate the molality of CaCl2 in a solution containing 15g of CaCl2 in 125g of water. Calculate the molality of potassium bromide in a solution containing 100g of potassium bromide in 2kg of water.

Acids and Bases When acids react with metals they produce what type of gas? In the Bronsted- Lowry model of acids and bases, what is the hydrogen donor? The hydrogen acceptor? Which model states that an acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions? A solution that contains equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions is _____________. What is produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid? An acid that can donate more than one hydrogen ion is called what?

Acids and Bases 2 Identify the acid and conjugate base pair in the following equation: HBr + H2O → H3O+ + Br- What are some properties of bases? What are some properties of acids? What is the name of the following ion: H3O+? What is the name for a substance, like water, that can act as an acid or a base? List some strong acids. List some strong bases. What is the conjugate base for HCN? What is the conjugate base for HCl?

pH pH= -log[H+] What is the pH of lemon juice, given the hydrogen ion concentration is 1.0 x 10-1? What is the pH of drain-o if the hydrogen ion concentration is 1.0 x 10-12? What is the pH of 0.51M HCl? What is the pH of 10-11M NaOH? What is the pH of HCl if the hydrogen ion concentration is 8.1 x 10-7M? What is the scale for the pH scale? The hydrogen ion concentration of ketchup is 2.5 x 10-5M, what is the pH of ketchup?

pOH pOH= 14-pH pH= -log[H+] pOH= -log[OH-] Calculate the pOH of a juice that has a pH of 2. Calculate the pOH of a cleaner that has a pH of 13. Calculate the pOH of a substance that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10-4M. Calculate the pOH of a substance that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10-8M. Calculate the pOH of a substance that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10-12M. Calculate the pOH of a substance that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10-2M. Calculate the pOH of a substance that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10-10M.