Chapter 10 Section 3 THE MEXICAN- AMERICAN WAR

What is MANIFEST DESTINY? 25. What is MANIFEST DESTINY?

MANIFEST DESTINY - America’s fate to settle land all the way to the Pacific Ocean in order to spread democracy.

What in the painting shows HOW settlers traveled west? O”Sullivan: America’s “manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty…”

What did JAMES K. POLK say he would do if he was elected president? 26. What did JAMES K. POLK say he would do if he was elected president?

JAMES K. POLK said if elected he would expand the U. S JAMES K. POLK said if elected he would expand the U.S. into Oregon and Texas (annex them) He was elected in 1844 and became our 11th President

11th President of the United States JAMES POLK 11th President of the United States 1845-1849

What does “Fifty-four forty or fight!” refer to? 27. What does “Fifty-four forty or fight!” refer to?

Britain and the U.S. disagreed how to draw the U.S.-Candian border American expansionists cried, “Fifty-four forty or fight!” This slogan referred to 54º40’ north latitude

In 1846 Britain and the U. S. signed a treaty that gave the U. S In 1846 Britain and the U.S. signed a treaty that gave the U.S. all Oregon land south of the forty-ninth parallel Oregon became a U.S. territory in February 1848

28. How did Mexico feel about TX officially becoming part of the U.S. in 1845?

Mexico in 1845 still disputes that TX is part of their country and not the U.S. “stolen province” Focused on other settlements

How did the mission system change in California? 29. How did the mission system change in California?

During early Spanish rule, the mission system dominated present-day Southwest and was the focus of everyday life

After Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico changed its policies toward the missions In 1833 Mexico disbanded the mission system and gave huge land grants to wealthy settlers

What are Vaqueros and Californios? 30. What are Vaqueros and Californios?

Vaqueros were cowboys who managed large herds of cattle and sheep on ranches These ranches were created from the large land grants given to the wealthy California settlers

Californios were early CA colonists who felt little connection to the Mexican government

How did the war with Mexico start? 31. How did the war with Mexico start?

Mexico and the U.S. dispute the southern border of TX - TX says Rio Grande River, Mexico says Nueces River

X The U.S. offers to buy TX, CA and NM for $30 million to settle the border dispute X Mexico says no thanks

32. Who is ZACHARY TAYLOR?

In June 1845 Pres. Polk orders Zachary Taylor, a general in the U. S In June 1845 Pres. Polk orders Zachary Taylor, a general in the U.S. Army, to lead troops into the disputed regions to maintain the border

ZACHARY TAYLOR - leads his troops along the Rio Grande River The Mexican commander told Taylor to withdraw -->Taylor refused --> a battle ensues

The battle near the Rio Grande River really begins the Mex.-Am. War President Polk tells Congress that Mexico has invaded the United States and Congress declares war

ZACHARY TAYLOR 1849-1850 General in the Mexican War Later becomes the 12th President of the U.S. 1849-1850

Compare the American and Mexican armies: 33. Compare the American and Mexican armies: A) Who has more troops? B) Who is better trained?

Mexican army was larger in numbers, but the U. S Mexican army was larger in numbers, but the U.S. troops were better trained

How do the American people feel about the war? 34. How do the American people feel about the war?

Many Americans supported it; Whigs thought it was unjustifiable and avoidable; Abolitionists opposed it because they feared slavery would spread into the southwest

What is the BEAR FLAG REVOLT & the BEAR FLAG REPUBLIC? 35. What is the BEAR FLAG REVOLT & the BEAR FLAG REPUBLIC?

Americans in CA declared themselves a nation independent of Mexico (BEAR FLAG REVOLT)

John C. Fremont, a U.S. army captain, joined the Americans in the revolt against the Californios His goal was for California independence not annexation

By 1847 the Californios surrendered and THE BEAR FLAG REPUBLIC (California) was created

What was the Battle of Buena Vista? 36. What was the Battle of Buena Vista?

Taylor led his forces into Mexico and clashed with the Mexican army at Buena Vista in 1847 The Mexican army retreated, giving U.S. control of Northern Mexico Taylor became a war hero

What siege ends the war with Mexico? 37. What siege ends the war with Mexico?

Polk replaced Taylor with General Winfield Scott W. Scott led troops into Mexico City in August 1847 On September 14, 1847 Mexico City fell & Santa Anna fled the country

What treaty ends the war with Mexico? 38. What treaty ends the war with Mexico?

TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO ends the war with Mexico & gives the U. S TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO ends the war with Mexico & gives the U.S. much of Mexico’s northern territory

Describe the MEXICAN CESSION: 39. Describe the MEXICAN CESSION:

MEXICAN CESSION - the area given up by Mexico to the U. S MEXICAN CESSION - the area given up by Mexico to the U.S. after the war - includes present day states of CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, CO, & WY.

What was the purpose of the GADSDEN PURCHASE? 40. What was the purpose of the GADSDEN PURCHASE?

It’s the area of land bought by the U. S It’s the area of land bought by the U.S. from Mexico for $10 million - intended to be a route for a southern transcontinental railroad Established U.S.’s current existing boundary

GADSDEN PURCHASE

As settlers move West, what becomes an important issue? 41. As settlers move West, what becomes an important issue?

Water rights became important given the region’s dry climate Water had to regulated so the good of the community came before individual interests (opposite of Eastern practices)

Dams and canals had to be built to get water to the fields Brigham Young established strict water regulation that became an example for the West

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