Combined targeting of PCa AR and CCL2/CCR2 axis suppresses tumour growth and reduces metastasis in a xenograft mouse PCa model Proliferation assay of TRAMP‐C1.

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Combined targeting of PCa AR and CCL2/CCR2 axis suppresses tumour growth and reduces metastasis in a xenograft mouse PCa model Proliferation assay of TRAMP‐C1 scramble (scr) and TRAMP‐C1 AR silenced (siAR) cells incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h, (n = 3); bars in graphs, Mean ± SEM.Western blot of CCL2, STAT3 and AR in TRAMP‐C1 scr and siAR cells co‐cultured with or without RAW264.7 cells for 24 h.Macroscopic photos of orthotopic tumours in each group, TRAMP‐C1 scramble + vehicle (scr veh), TRAMP‐C1 siAR + vehicle (siAR veh), and TRAMP‐C1 siAR + CCR2 antagonist (siAR CCR2atg) are shown.Quantification of tumour volume in each group (the number of tumours in scr veh, siAR veh and siAR CCR2atg is 18 from 9 mice, 24 from 12 mice, and 33 from 17 mice, respectively).Quantification of TUNEL assay in each group (left) and representative pictures (right) are shown (magnification is 100×). Combined targeting of PCa AR and CCL2/CCR2 axis suppresses tumour growth and reduces metastasis in a xenograft mouse PCa model Proliferation assay of TRAMP‐C1 scramble (scr) and TRAMP‐C1 AR silenced (siAR) cells incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h, (n = 3); bars in graphs, Mean ± SEM.Western blot of CCL2, STAT3 and AR in TRAMP‐C1 scr and siAR cells co‐cultured with or without RAW264.7 cells for 24 h.Macroscopic photos of orthotopic tumours in each group, TRAMP‐C1 scramble + vehicle (scr veh), TRAMP‐C1 siAR + vehicle (siAR veh), and TRAMP‐C1 siAR + CCR2 antagonist (siAR CCR2atg) are shown.Quantification of tumour volume in each group (the number of tumours in scr veh, siAR veh and siAR CCR2atg is 18 from 9 mice, 24 from 12 mice, and 33 from 17 mice, respectively).Quantification of TUNEL assay in each group (left) and representative pictures (right) are shown (magnification is 100×). NC = negative control, (n = 6); bars, Mean ± SEM in (D and E).Macroscopic photos (left) and haematoxylin eosin (H&E, magnification 40× and 400× for inset, right) staining of representative metastatic lesions in liver and diaphragm of siAR veh mouse are shown. Arrows indicate metastatic lesions.Statistical analysis of the number of metastasis in scr veh, siAR veh and siAR CCR2atg mouse. Graph shows the percentage of the number of mice having metastasis. Fisher's exact test was used. Kouji Izumi et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2013;5:1383-1401 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend