4 Migration Migration Changing migration patterns in Ireland

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Presentation transcript:

4 Migration Migration Changing migration patterns in Ireland Migration policy in Ireland Migration policy in the EU Migration impact & issues

Chapter 4: Migration Migration Intra-national/international Pushed from donor countries Pulled to host/receiver countries Barriers: cost, migration policies, fear Emigrant: a person who leaves a country Immigrant: a person who comes to live in a country

Changing migration patterns in Ireland Chapter 4: Migration Changing migration patterns in Ireland After the Famine, 1845–9 The Irish Free State, 1922 Emigration, 1950s Economic prosperity, late 1960s & ’70s Recession, 1980s Celtic Tiger era, 1997–2007 The current recession

Migration policy in Ireland Chapter 4: Migration Migration policy in Ireland 2007: stricter laws Focus on skills in short supply Green Card, Work permit, Intra-company transfer permit, Spousal & dependent permits Migrant & Irish workers = same rights 5+ years permanent citizenship possible Asylum seekers can apply for refugee status Irish-born children of non-nationals & their parents not automatic citizen

Migration policy in the EU Chapter 4: Migration Migration policy in the EU Migrants needed – labour shortages 1995 Schengen Agreement – free movement EU common laws: share immigration between member states ‘Fortress Europe’, xenophobia, asylum fatigue 2000: 3% migrants; 63% in North

Migration impact & issues Chapter 4: Migration Migration impact & issues Impact of migration on donor & receiver countries Advantages for donor countries Safety valve: reduces pressure on resources, Ireland (1980s) Remittance: developing world countries Disadvantages for donor countries Brain drain Slows economic development, education investment reduced, loss of tax & spending Rural depopulation Services close, farming practices stagnate

Migration impact & issues Chapter 4: Migration Migration impact & issues Advantages of migration for receiver/host countries Skills enrichment & labour shortages Renewed inward investment Labour shortages filled 2006: migrants in 50% food industry production jobs Multi-racial society Greater diversity, tolerance & understanding Economic contribution Contribute to the governmental budget

Migration impact & issues Chapter 4: Migration Migration impact & issues Disadvantages for receiver/host countries Language barrier Discrimination & exploitation Lack of integration Ghettoisation, racism & discrimination, shanty towns Pressure on resources Housing, educational & medical services Xenophobia, stereotypes