MUSCLES.

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Presentation transcript:

MUSCLES

Each type is unique in structure and function Types of Muscles Smooth muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Skeletal muscle Each type is unique in structure and function

Smooth Muscle Single, spindle-shaped cells No visible striations (hence the name) Found within the walls of “hollow” organs Involuntary Examples: - Gastrointestinal tract - Bladder - Kidneys - Uterus - Respiratory tract

Cardiac Muscle The heart! Striated Involuntary

Skeletal Muscle Usually attached to the skeleton (hence the name) Striated Voluntary and Involuntary (reflexes)

SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY All muscles have an origin and insertion. Origin: The part of the body where the muscle attaches (usually a bone) and does not move when a muscle contracts. (Proximal to the trunk) Insertion: The other part of the body where the muscle attaches and DOES move when a muscle contracts. (Distal to the trunk)

Muscle fiber: a single cell of a muscle. Myosin: the thick filament in a sarcomere Myofibrils: cylindrical organelles found within muscle cells. Actin: the thin filaments in a sarcomere Sarcomere: the basic unit of a muscle’s myofibril

Sliding-filament model of muscle contraction (a.k.a. muscle twitch) Z lines: border sarcomeres I bands: contain only actin A bands: actin and myosin overlap H zone: contain only myosin (disappears during contraction)

Troponin and tropomyosin are two proteins integral in muscle contraction. Troponin is the calcium binding site and tropomyosin shifts to cover and uncover myosin binding sites.

Sequence of Sliding Filament Model 1. Action potential in motor neuron releases acetylcholine, depolarizing muscle fiber. 2. Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 3. Calcium is released and binds to troponin. 4. Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the actin cross-bridge binding sites 5. Thin filaments are ratcheted across thick filaments by myosin heads and ATP animation

Dark vs. White Meat

Red and White Fiber Red Fibers: “slow twitch” Have more mitochondria Metabolize ATP slowly, steadily…. For endurance & sustained contractions. Marathon runners have more red fibers Have high amounts of “myoglobin” White Fibers: “fast twitch” Have less mitochondria Metabolize ATP more quickly Associated with strength—Weightlifters and sprinters have more white fibers