Anatomy & Physiology The Human Body

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Presentation transcript:

Anatomy & Physiology The Human Body

Body Organization What’s the smallest unit of life? Cell Human Body: 100 trillion cells

Body Organization (cont.) Cells  tissues  organs  organ systems  organisms

Levels of Organization

Skeletal System Bones: 22 skull 27 hand 26 foot

Skeletal System (cont.) # of bones: Adults 206 Babies 300

Bone Structure Bone cells are living Contain nerves, blood vessels & marrow

Compact & Spongy Bone

Bone Marrow - thick & jelly like - stores fat - makes blood cells Bone Structure (cont.) Bone Marrow - thick & jelly like - stores fat - makes blood cells

Bones lined with dense tissue: cartilage Cushions bones Bone Structure (cont.) Bones lined with dense tissue: cartilage Cushions bones Provides support

Tendons: Tough fibers that connect muscle to bone Bone Structure (cont.) Tendons: Tough fibers that connect muscle to bone

Ligaments: Tough fibers that connect bone to bone Bone Structure (cont.) Ligaments: Tough fibers that connect bone to bone

Function of Bones 1. Support – provides framework for the body 2. Protection – for the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs

Function of Bones (cont.) 3. Movement – lever for muscle 4. Attachment – tendons connect muscle to bone

Function of Bones (cont.) 5. Blood Cell Production occurs in bone marrow 6. Mineral Storage Calcium & Phosphorus

Bone Connections

Fixed Joint Connects plate-like bones of the skull

Hinge Joint Allows movement in two directions (Front & Back) Ex. Elbow, Knee

Ball & Socket Joint Allows full range of motion Ex. shoulder

Cracking Knuckles Space between joints widen Air bubble forms in the synovial fluid (joint lubricant) Bubble bursts and makes cracking sound

Skeletal Conditions Bursitis Scoliosis Osteoporosis Arthritis Sprain Fracture

Bursitis Inflammation of the bursa (sac)

Scoliosis Curvature of the spine

Osteoporosis Inefficient bone replacement 5-10% of bone mass lost every 10 years past age of 40

Arthritis Joint inflammation Ex. Rheumatoid arthritis

Sprain Over stretching of ligaments or tendons Torn ligaments require surgery

Fracture Broken bone Multiple types