Obesity aggravates tumor desmoplasia.

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Obesity aggravates tumor desmoplasia. Obesity aggravates tumor desmoplasia. A, description of the adipose microenvironment in tumors from obese mice. Ai, adipocyte enlargement and fibrosis in visceral adipose tissue and tumors from obese mice. Masson’s trichrome staining denotes fibrosis in blue. Arrows, adipocytes; scale bars, 200 μm. Adipocyte count (Aii) and size (Aiii) in PAN02 and AK4.4 tumors, indicating an enrichment of enlarged adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment in obese mice [n = 3 tumors/group, 8 regions of interest (ROI)/tumor]. Aiv, representative images of the adipose tissue–tumor interaction, revealing increased expression of fibrosis where tumors invade the adjacent adipose tissue. On the left and center, enlarged images of dashed area in the left bottom inset are shown. On the right, tumor epithelium is observed in close proximity to fibrotic adipose tissue and normal pancreas. Tumor sections were stained for Masson’s trichrome. Scale bars, 100 μm (PAN02), 200 μm (AK4.4, center), 500 μm (AK4.4, right). B, collagen levels in PDACs. Bi, representative pictures of fibrillar collagen in tumors using SHG. Scale bar, 100 μm. Bii, representative pictures of collagen-I staining [immunofluorescence (IF)] in tumors. Scale bars, 1 mm. Biii, quantification of fibrillar collagen normalized to lean animals. Tumors from obese mice presented with increased expression of fibrillar collagen in PAN02 and AK4.4 orthotopic PDACs. Biv, quantification of collagen expression normalized to lean animals. Tumors from obese mice presented with increased collagen-I expression in three different tumor models (n = 3–6/group). C, effect of obesity on αSMA expression in PDACs. Ci, representative pictures of αSMA expression in AK4.4, PAN02, and KPC tumors by immunofluorescence. Scale bars, 1 mm. Cii, quantification of αSMA expression by immunofluorescence was performed as a percentage of αSMA (Cii), as well as a percentage of double-positive αSMA/col-I expression normalized to lean animals (Ciii; n = 3–6/group). For representative pictures of αSMA/col-I double staining in PAN02 and AK4.4 tumors, please see Supplementary Fig. S3C and S3D. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. P values were determined by the Student t test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. Joao Incio et al. Cancer Discov 2016;6:852-869 ©2016 by American Association for Cancer Research