A novel fluorescence technique for identification of the pulmonary segments by using the photodynamic diagnosis endoscope system: An experimental study.

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A novel fluorescence technique for identification of the pulmonary segments by using the photodynamic diagnosis endoscope system: An experimental study in ex vivo porcine lung  Ryuichi Waseda, MD, Makoto Oda, MD, Isao Matsumoto, MD, Masaya Takizawa, MD, Mitsutaka Suzuki, MD, Masahiro Ohsima, MD, Go Watanabe, MD  The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  Volume 146, Issue 1, Pages 222-227 (July 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.010 Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The PDD endoscope system. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2013 146, 222-227DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.010) Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Schema of the porcine lung. A, Ventral aspect. B, Right lateral aspect. The right cranial lobe consists of only a cranial segment and a caudal segment. The right caudal lobe consists of lateral (L) segments 2 to 6, dorsal (D) segments 2 to 6, medial (M) segment 4, and ventral (V) segments 2 to 5. The right cranial segment is circled with a continuous line. The right L2 segment is circled with a dashed line. RPA, Right pulmonary artery; LPA, left pulmonary artery; a, cranial branch; b, caudal branch; III, cranial lobe bronchus. Reprinted with permission.10 The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2013 146, 222-227DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.010) Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Segmentectomy of the right cranial lobe. A, Normal light imaging. B to F, Fluorescence imaging. L1, Lateral segment. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2013 146, 222-227DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.010) Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 L2 segmentectomy in the right caudal lobe. A to F, Fluorescence imaging. L, Lateral segment; V, ventral segment; D, dorsal segment. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2013 146, 222-227DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.010) Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Comparison of light intensity between the fluorescent and adjacent nonfluorescent segments measured at 15-minute intervals after injection until 1 hour later. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2013 146, 222-227DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.010) Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Pathologic findings of the intersegmental plane. A, Hematoxylin–eosin stain; B, Azan stain. Arrows point to the fibrous tissue in the intersegmental plane. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2013 146, 222-227DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.010) Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions