EAS 590 University at Buffalo April 4, 2007 Ed Starosielec Case Studies in Engineering Management for Transportation Safety and Security R & D Projects EAS 590 University at Buffalo April 4, 2007 Ed Starosielec

Complexity of the Solution Drives the Need for a Multidisciplined Approach to Technology Choices and Project Management Passive Systems---Early R & D Safety---a Growing Problem Matrix of Opportunities Vehicle---Highway Cooperative Programs The Complexity of E---Safety Adjacent Markets

ITS and Safety – – A LITTLE HISTORY 1948 1954 1966 1981 “Thin Man” 2D dummy used to evaluate occupant kinematics. 1954 Retrofit kit for installation of seat belts in automobiles. 1966 Beam barrier guard rail development. 1981 Advanced development and evaluation of air bag systems.

Motor Vehicle Deaths and Fatality Rate per Total Miles Traveled (1950-2005) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Number of Fatalities Fatality Rate per 100M Vehicle Miles Traveled 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 Motor Vehicle Fatalities Fatality Rate

Where Are The Opportunities? ITS and Safety Where Are The Opportunities? Haddon Matrix Vehicles & Equipment Human Environment Brakes, Tires ICA, ACC,ESC Speed Limits, Red Light Cameras, RWIS Pre-crash Crash Post-crash Alcohol Use Seat Belt Use Speed, Air Bags Guard Rails Age, Physical Condition Fuel Tank Integrity, AACN EMS, IIMS, Mayday, NG 9-1-1

Intelligent Transportation Systems The integration of sensors, communications, and computing technologies to reduce congestion and improve the safety of surface vehicles on our nation’s highways, railroads, and ports of entry.

Factors to be Considered When Choosing a Solution Time to Market User Acceptance Ease of Use (Judgment and Skill) Reliability and Ease of Maintenance

Additional Factors (Customer Perspective) to Consider Compliance to rules, regulations, and terms and conditions Technical Assessment Cost/Schedule/Performance Feasibility/Risk Cost and Cost Sharing

Additional Factors (Company/Developer) to Consider ROI ( Return on Investment) Sources of R & D Dollars IP Rights and Licensing Patent Opportunities and Infringement Issues Terms and Conditions of Contracts and Suppliers Internal Company Processes ( ISO, reporting and reviews, etc)

ITS and Safety Autonomous Vehicle Safety Intelligent Cruse Control Rollover Stability Control Rear Impact Collision Warning Event Data Recorders (for Causal Factor Analysis) Driver Performance / Distraction Emphasis of Intelligent Vehicles is Pre- and Post-Crash Are dual-stage and side curtain airbags examples of ITS technology?

Vehicle Only Solution Space and Characteristics Self-contained Designed to Assist and Improve Driver Performance Warnings and Alerts versus Automatic Vehicle Control Right Technology Choices for Sensing and Display Liabilities Lessen If the Driver Stays in the Loop

ITS and Safety Vehicle-Highway Cooperative Measures Lane Departure Intersection Collision Avoidance Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

Characteristics Associated with Cooperative Measures Somewhat More Complex Requires Integration with Infrastructures and Vehicles Sensing and Communication ( Inside/outside the vehicle) Sufficient Market Penetration to Warrant the Investment Level and Extent of Testing Increases

ITS and Safety E-Safety – Integration of Public Safety, Incident Management and Emergency Medical for Real Time System Response AACN / Mayday CAD -TMC Integration Integrated Incident Management CVISN / CVO Fleet Management Systems Focus on Post Crash Environment Represents the Highest Level of Integration to Achieve Safety Goals (also achieve other missions – security)

E-Safety Environment Drives Network Solutions Interoperability System Level Decisions Conformance to a Variety of Standards Integration of New Systems with Legacy Systems Many Players Requires Consensus Building

ITS and Safety Pre-hospital Care & Transport Blue Cross / Blue Shield of Alabama BREMSS Trauma Control Center (TCC) OnStar by General Motors Intelligent Information Integration Broker (I3B) and Web Server BREMSS LifeTrac System OnStar Emergency Communications Center Emergency Personal Information (EPI) Database Crash data Patient data Crash data Voice Notification) Crash data Transport Coord-ination Patient & Crash data Browser First Responder Dispatch (by voice) Patient data Hospital status data Crash data 9-1-1 Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) Pre-hospital Care & Transport Hospital

Automated Collision Notification and Mayday Issues Vehicle (Post Crash ) and Infrastructure Integration Privacy Who owns the Data? Medical/EMS Community New and Emerging Technology on Several Fronts Move From Government Funding to Commercial Environment

IIMS Communications Framework ITS and Safety IIMS Communications Framework Traffic Mgmt. Center Public Works Police Responder IIMS Wide Area Network Police DOT Responder Fire/EMS Other Centers Emergency Response Other Centers Other Centers Police Responder

Integrated Incident Management System Development High Level of Integration, but mostly Infrastructure Legal Many Players and new tools and rules Interoperability Training and Acceptance by Responders in the Field

Multi-mission Requirements Drive Higher Levels of Integration ITS and Safety Multi-mission Requirements Drive Higher Levels of Integration EMS & Public Health Security Federal, State & Locals Emergency response to incident other than crash Intersection based on safety, mechanisms of injury and mitigation Intersection includes commercial trucking, borders, and corridors ₪ DHS DOJ HHS ₪ DOT

Push/Pull of Adjacent Markets and Issues Associated New Interfaces New Users Information Sharing Unknowns ( Domain and Missions) Corporate Strategy and Overall Fit ROI and Opportunity to Leverage the Investment

Summary and Final Thoughts On Transportation Safety Open Mind Multidisciplinary Approach is Required with Complexity Understand the Organization (s) Compliance to standards Emerging Technology may not be the Right Technology Active Systems Require Higher Levels of Integration