The War at Home - WWI.

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Presentation transcript:

The War at Home - WWI

Mobilization Means getting ready for war American industry expands to meet the need for weapons & supplies Caused a labor shortage Men went to war Women Minorities migrated to North from South

Paying for War Cost U.S. 32 billion dollars Gov’t got money from selling war bonds (called Liberty Bonds) Gov’t used posters to help the sale Increased taxes, especially on the wealthy

An army marches on its stomach U.S. needed to produce food for itself and its Allies. Propaganda to support food for troops “Wheatless Mondays” “Meatless Thursdays” Porkless Thursdays” Planting a Victory Garden “Use all leftovers” Posters & campaigns urged Americans to conserve food

Propaganda Committee on Public Information Job was to persuade Americans that the war represented a battle for democracy & freedom.

Taking a Break to Review

Causes & Effects of WWI Causes Effects Nationalistic Pride Competition for Colonies Military Buildup Secret alliances Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Effects Destruction in Europe Boom in U.S. economy Suppression of dissent in U.S. Allied Victory Defeated Empires lose their colonies

And back to the regularly scheduled program… U.S. Gov’t stifled any dissent (opposition to the war or other policies) in the interest of national unity. Led to racial differences (under wraps) Americans became intolerant of “others”

Great Migration 1914-1920 between 300,000 – 500,000 African Americans moved from rural South to industrial cities in the North. Escaping economic difficulties Thought they were going to “the promised land” Black neighborhoods butting up against white neighborhoods causes racial conflict Riot in 1917 in East St. Louis, white mob burned thousands of African American homes & killed 40

Controlling Public Opinion Some Americans didn’t agree with the war & some sided with the “Central Powers” Socialists – thought business should not be privately owned Why would they oppose the war? Pacifists – opposed the use of violence Women’s groups

Controlling public Opinion Espionage Act - 1917 Stiff penalties for spying (espionage), aiding the enemy or interfering with army recruiting (What if you tore down “Uncle Sam recruiting posters?) Sabotage & Sedition Acts – 1918 Harsher penalties Made it a crime to say, write or print anything that went against the government Acts considered sabotage – secret action to damage the war effort

Effects of Acts Paranoia (History repeats with McCarthy in 1950’s) People started to suspect Americans of German ancestry or German immigrants & persecuted them Spying on neighbors, opening their mail Outlawing German music & teaching the German language Many German Americans concealed their identities Changing “sauerkraut” to liberty cabbage & “frankfurter” to liberty sausage Scapegoating – way for government to quash labor leaders, socialists & pacifists