Chapter 5 SAT Vocabulary advocate impede antipathy inclusive emancipate jurisdiction idiosyncrasy precarious preposterous imminent

People advocating vegetarianism Ten Words in Context 1 advocate – verb One author was refused permission to give a speech on campus because he advocates violence as a means of social reform. Some gardeners consider chemicals and pesticides harmful; instead, they advocate using “organic” methods of growing fruits and vegetables. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. People advocating vegetarianism Takver via Wikimedia Commons Advocate means A. to oppose. B. to promote. C. to understand.

People advocating vegetarianism Ten Words in Context 1 advocate – verb One author was refused permission to give a speech on campus because he advocates violence as a means of social reform. Some gardeners consider chemicals and pesticides harmful; instead, they advocate using “organic” methods of growing fruits and vegetables. People advocating vegetarianism Takver via Wikimedia Commons Advocate means A. to oppose. B. to promote. C. to understand. The school would refuse to let the author speak because he promotes violence. Gardeners who consider chemicals and pesticides harmful would promote “organic” methods.

Ten Words in Context 2 antipathy – noun Malik’s parents didn’t understand why he hated school until they found that the reason for his antipathy was poor eyesight: he couldn’t see the chalkboard. I can’t believe that my sister is going to marry Frank. Just a few months ago, she showed complete antipathy toward him. Antipathy means A. a strong dislike. B. a lack of concern. C. a preference. This child seems to have antipathy for homework. © Ocusfocus | Dreamstime.com

Ten Words in Context 2 antipathy – noun Malik’s parents didn’t understand why he hated school until they found that the reason for his antipathy was poor eyesight: he couldn’t see the chalkboard. I can’t believe that my sister is going to marry Frank. Just a few months ago, she showed complete antipathy toward him. Antipathy means A. a strong dislike. B. a lack of concern. C. a preference. This child seems to have antipathy for homework. © Ocusfocus | Dreamstime.com In the first item, the word hated tells you that antipathy means “a strong dislike.” In the second item, the sister’s planned marriage to Frank is contrasted with her recent strong dislike for him.

Ten Words in Context 3 emancipate – verb The salesman promised that his amazing machine—a vacuum cleaner, floor polisher, and carpet shampooer in one—would emancipate us from hours of backbreaking housework. When the Allies entered Germany at the end of World War II, they emancipated many foreigners and political prisoners who had been used as slave laborers in German industries. Emancipate means A. to encourage. B. to administer justice. C. to free.

Ten Words in Context 3 emancipate – verb The salesman promised that his amazing machine—a vacuum cleaner, floor polisher, and carpet shampooer in one—would emancipate us from hours of backbreaking housework. When the Allies entered Germany at the end of World War II, they emancipated many foreigners and political prisoners who had been used as slave laborers in German industries. Emancipate means A. to encourage. B. to administer justice. C. to free. Such an amazing machine would free people from hours of backbreaking work—or so the salesman says. In the second item, the slave laborers were freed by the Allies when they entered Germany.

Ten Words in Context 4 idiosyncrasy – noun My uncle asks very personal questions, but please don’t be offended—it’s just an idiosyncrasy of his. He doesn’t realize how odd it seems to others. For as long as I’ve known Katia, she’s had the unusual idiosyncrasy of dressing only in purple. Idiosyncrasy means A. a personal habit. B. a dangerous habit. C. a selfish habit.

Ten Words in Context 4 idiosyncrasy – noun My uncle asks very personal questions, but please don’t be offended—it’s just an idiosyncrasy of his. He doesn’t realize how odd it seems to others. For as long as I’ve known Katia, she’s had the unusual idiosyncrasy of dressing only in purple. Idiosyncrasy means A. an eccentric personal habit. B. a dangerous habit. C. a selfish habit. Asking very personal questions is merely an odd personal habit of the uncle. Cara has the unusual personal habit of dressing only in black.

Ten Words in Context 5 imminent – adjective We canceled the picnic because a thunderstorm seemed imminent. As word spread that the king’s death was imminent, the people began to gather at the palace gates. They wanted to be nearby when he died. Imminent means A. over. B. delayed. C. likely to occur soon. These homes are in imminent danger because of the approaching wildfire. Mrsramsey via Wikimedia Commons

Ten Words in Context 5 imminent – adjective We canceled the picnic because a thunderstorm seemed imminent. As word spread that the king’s death was imminent, the people began to gather at the palace gates. They wanted to be nearby when he died. Imminent means A. over. B. delayed. C. likely to occur soon. These homes are in imminent danger because of the approaching wildfire. Mrsramsey via Wikimedia Commons They would cancel the picnic if a thunderstorm was likely to occur soon. Since the people wanted to be nearby when the king died, they would gather when it seemed his death was likely to occur soon.

Traffic impeded by a herd of cows Ten Words in Context 6 impede – verb Muddy roads impeded the progress of the trucks bringing food to the refugees. The construction work at the mall impeded shoppers, who had to step around piles of planks, cables, crates, tools, and sacks of cement. Traffic impeded by a herd of cows © Townsend Press Impede means A. to oppress. B. to slow down. C. to include.

Traffic impeded by a herd of cows Ten Words in Context 6 impede – verb Muddy roads impeded the progress of the trucks bringing food to the refugees. The construction work at the mall impeded shoppers, who had to step around piles of planks, cables, crates, tools, and sacks of cement. Traffic impeded by a herd of cows © Townsend Press Impede means A. to oppress. B. to slow down. C. to include. Muddy roads would slow down the progress of the trucks. Stepping around the building materials would slow down the shoppers.

Ten Words in Context 7 inclusive – adjective The cost of the vacation package was inclusive, covering our airfare and all hotels, meals, and tours. The newspaper’s coverage of the trial was inclusive; every day, it printed a word-for-word transcript of the courtroom proceedings. Many languages help make this message inclusive. © Ijdema | Dreamstime.com - Welcome Word Cloud Photo Inclusive means A. complete. B. lacking something. C. about to start.

Ten Words in Context 7 inclusive – adjective The cost of the vacation package was inclusive, covering our airfare and all hotels, meals, and tours. The newspaper’s coverage of the trial was inclusive; every day, it printed a word-for-word transcript of the courtroom proceedings. Many languages help make this message inclusive. © Ijdema | Dreamstime.com - Welcome Word Cloud Photo Inclusive means A. complete. B. lacking something. C. about to start. Since the cost of the package included all the things listed, it was complete. Since the newspaper printed a word-for-word transcript of the proceedings, its coverage was complete.

Ten Words in Context 8 jurisdiction – noun Shakespeare’s theater, the Globe, was built across the river from London. Officials had forbidden theaters in London, but the other side of the river was beyond their jurisdiction. The United States has no jurisdiction over foreign embassies on American soil; those embassies are under the authority of their own governments. Jurisdiction means A. advice. B. beliefs. C. control.

Ten Words in Context 8 jurisdiction – noun Shakespeare’s theater, the Globe, was built across the river from London. Officials had forbidden theaters in London, but the other side of the river was beyond their jurisdiction. The United States has no jurisdiction over foreign embassies on American soil; those embassies are under the authority of their own governments. Jurisdiction means A. advice. B. beliefs. C. control. Since the Globe was successfully built across the river from London, that area must have been beyond the control of the officials. Since the embassies are under the authority of their own governments, the United States has no control over them.

9 precarious – adjective The icy roads made travel precarious. Ten Words in Context 9 precarious – adjective The icy roads made travel precarious. The old, worn-out electrical wiring in the building puts all the residents in a precarious position. At any moment, it could fail, causing a fire. A climber in a precarious situation Rpbase via Wikimedia Commons Precarious means A. unsafe. B. illegal. C. unusual.

9 precarious – adjective The icy roads made travel precarious. Ten Words in Context 9 precarious – adjective The icy roads made travel precarious. The old, worn-out electrical wiring in the building puts all the residents in a precarious position. At any moment, it could fail, causing a fire. A climber in a precarious situation Rpbase via Wikimedia Commons Precarious means A. unsafe. B. illegal. C. unusual. Icy roads would make travel unsafe. Since the wiring could cause a fire at any moment, it puts the residents in an unsafe position.

Preposterously dressed jugglers Ten Words in Context 10 preposterous – adjective Louis always comes up with preposterous get-rich-quick schemes. Now he wants to open a doughnut shop in Antarctica. The discovery of x-rays in 1895 was followed by some preposterous ideas and fears. For example, merchants in England sold “x-ray-proof” underwear. David Shankbone via Wikimedia Commons Preposterously dressed jugglers Preposterous means A. risky. B. exciting. C. ridiculous.

Preposterously dressed jugglers Ten Words in Context 10 preposterous – adjective Louis always comes up with preposterous get-rich-quick schemes. Now he wants to open a doughnut shop in Antarctica. The discovery of x-rays in 1895 was followed by some preposterous ideas and fears. For example, merchants in England sold “x-ray-proof” underwear. David Shankbone via Wikimedia Commons Preposterously dressed jugglers Preposterous means A. risky. B. exciting. C. ridiculous. Opening a doughnut shop in Antarctica sounds like a ridiculous get-rich-quick scheme. “X-ray-proof” underwear is a ridiculous idea.

Quiz: Complete the item with the correct word from the box. Name: ______________________Class: ___________________Date: ____________Period: _______ Quiz: Complete the item with the correct word from the box. A. advocate B. antipathy C. emancipate D. idiosyncrasy E. imminent F. impede G. inclusive H. jurisdiction I. precarious J. preposterous I swore that nothing would keep me from getting to Gloria’s wedding on time, but I was ______________(e)d by a traffic jam. When the jury’s verdict was _______________, the lawyers, reporters, and spectators immediately returned to the courtroom. The bill for the dinner party was _______________; the costs of appetizers, main course, drinks, and desserts for all guests were covered in the total amount. Nutritionists today _________________ a diet low in fats and sugars and high in fiber. For someone allergic to insect bites, beekeeping would be a(n) ________________ occupation. Tamiko always takes off her shoes before entering the house. Ralph thought this was just a(n) ______________ of hers, but he later learned that it’s a Japanese custom. When the little boy said there was a frog in his glass of milk, everyone laughed at his ________________ idea—until he showed us the frog. 8. Burt has a(n) _______________ for everything that isn’t “100 percent American.” He thinks it makes him a patriot, but I think a dislike of foreigners or foreign ways shows ignorance. 9. If an American commits a crime in a foreign country, that country’s courts— not the U.S.—have ________________ in the matter. 10. One aim of today’s women’s groups is to _______________ women from job and wage discrimination.