Age of Exploration Test Review World History Studies

Ottoman Empire Gained control of most land routes to East Asia Held virtual monopoly on trade between Europe & Asia Controlled many trade routes Because of this, European nations sought new routes to avoid Ottoman Primarily practiced Islam, but was allowed people to follow their own religion

TRADE Establishment of colonies increased trade and wealth New products brought back with Crusaders began Europe’s Commercial Revolution Capitalism – economic theory that emerged tail-end of Europe’s Commercial Revolution Columbian Exchange – triangular trade between Europe, Africa & America’s that helped cultural diffusion; Diversity of food available; weapons; health improvement in Europe Increased agricultural production in North America New destructive disease because the Natives had no chance to build up immunity Atlantic Slave Trade – increased violence and warfare in West Africa War killed millions; millions enslaved; slave trade intensified

“New World” Exploration spurred by European’s thirst to gain riches (economic opportunity with Colonization), find adventure and spread religion Cortes & Pizarro – explored for the Spanish and opened the New World for future Spanish Colonization; Mercantilism – new precious metals discovered and used for financial capital Led to colonization

Aztecs, Mayans, Incans Did not have the weaponry of Conquistadors; Aztecs – empire built through trade and war Inca located on the coast of South America (Peru~) in the Andes Mountains Architect achievement were roads and bridges Quipu – system of record keeping Maya located in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico Astronomy – calculated the length of the year based on the sun; accurate calendar; math system that used 0

ASIA Dutch Republics geographic location helped it compete for trade with Asia Marco Polo – Venetian explorer promoted exploration of East Asia Portuguese had superior ships and were now able to enter the Indian Ocean trade network; Ming Dynasty – expected tribute payments from neighboring nations to show power China exchanged porcelain and silk for silver Ming’s build-up of military and navy controlled trade in the Pacific and Indian Oceans