Multiple myeloma NOTE: Want a different image on this slide? Select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image.

Members of the group 5 : Afsar Dwi Bangsawan (14700100) Herman Sukarianto (14700178) Ni Wayan Tina Ayu Putri Utami (14700112) Hafid Achmad Zhaahri (14700136) Luh Putu Nila Cahya Wetari (14700124) Nur Halimatus Sa’diyah (14700160) Alifah Rahmi (14700148)

DEFINITION Multiple myeloma is a cancer of your plasma cells, a type of white blood cell present in your bone marrow. Plasma cells normally make proteins called antibodies to help you fight infections. In multiple myeloma, a group of plasma cells (myeloma cells) becomes cancerous and multiplies, raising the number of plasma cells to a higher than normal level. Since these cells normally make proteins (antibodies), the level of abnormal proteins in your blood also may go up. Health problems caused by multiple myeloma can affect your bones, immune system, kidneys and red blood cell count.

A high level of calcium in your blood. Kidney (renal) failure. SYMPTOMS A high level of calcium in your blood.  Kidney (renal) failure. Bone damage and fractures. Repeated infections — such as pneumonia, sinusitis, bladder or kidney infections Weight loss Weakness or numbness in your legs

CAUSES Although the exact cause isn't known, doctors do know that multiple myeloma begins with one abnormal plasma cell in your bone marrow — the soft, blood-producing tissue that fills in the center of most of your bones. This abnormal cell then starts to multiply. Because abnormal cancerous cells don't mature and then die as normal cells do, they accumulate, eventually overwhelming the production of healthy cells. In healthy bone marrow, less than 5 percent of the cells are plasma cells. But in people with multiple myeloma, more than 10 percent of the cells may be plasma cells.

RISK FACTORS The majority of people who develop multiple myeloma are older than 50, with most diagnosed in their mid-60s. Few cases occur in people younger than 40. Age. Blacks are about twice as likely to develop multiple myeloma as are whites. Race. Men are more likely to develop the disease than are women. Sex. Every year 1 percent of the people with MGUS in the United States develop multiple myeloma. History of a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Your risk of multiple myeloma is increased if you're overweight or obese. Obesity.

Impaired kidney function COMPLICATIONS Bone problems Impaired immunity Impaired kidney function Anemia

LIFESTYLE & HOME REMEDIES Stay active. Exercise helps keep your bones stronger. If pain keeps you from being active, ask your doctor about ways to lessen the pain. Drink fluids. Drinking fluids can help keep you from becoming dehydrated. And by drinking plenty of fluids, you help dilute the Bence Jones protein fragments in your urine, which may help prevent kidney damage. Eat a balanced diet. One way to promote your overall health and cope with any form of cancer is to eat well. The amount of M protein in your system isn't affected by how much protein you eat, so there's no need to limit protein intake unless told otherwise by your doctor. Don't take vitamins, herbs or medications without your doctor's approval because they may interfere with your treatment.

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