Diet-induced maternal obesity alters ovarian morphology and gene expression in the adult mouse offspring  Ying Cheong, M.D., Khaled H. Sadek, M.B.B.S.,

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Diet-induced maternal obesity alters ovarian morphology and gene expression in the adult mouse offspring  Ying Cheong, M.D., Khaled H. Sadek, M.B.B.S., Kimberley D. Bruce, Ph.D., Nick Macklon, M.D., Felino R. Cagampang, Ph.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 102, Issue 3, Pages 899-907 (September 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.015 Copyright © 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Photomicrographs of cross-sections of ovaries from C/C (A) and HF/HF (B) females stained with H&E. Enlarged images from panel A show the antral follicle (C) and Graafian follicle (D). An enlarged image from another ovarian section from C/C females shows the presence of primordial follicles (E, arrows). Ovarian sections from C/C (F) and HF/HF (G) females stained against the AMH antibody. CL = corpus luteum. Fertility and Sterility 2014 102, 899-907DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.015) Copyright © 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Effect of maternal and/or offspring HF feeding on (A) the number of primordial follicles, (B) antral follicles and (C) Graafian follicles, and (D) the antral:Graafian follicle ratio in the ovaries of the female offspring 15 weeks of age. Offspring groups were from C-fed dams and fed postweaning the C diet (C/C, n = 12), from C-fed dams and fed postweaning the HF diet (C/HF, n = 15), from HF-fed dams and fed postweaning the C diet (HF/C, n = 12), and from HF-fed dams and fed postweaning the HF diet (HF/HF, n = 10). All values are reported as means ± SEM; #P<.05, ####P<.0001, comparing effects of maternal diet vs. offspring diet (two-way ANOVA). Fertility and Sterility 2014 102, 899-907DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.015) Copyright © 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Effect of exposure to prenatal and postnatal HF diet expression of genes for (A) FoXO3a, (B) Gdf9, (C) Clock, (D) Bmal1, (E) Per1, and (F) Cry1 in ovaries of offspring at 15 weeks of age. Offspring groups were from C-fed dams and fed postweaning the C diet (C/C, n = 10), from C-fed dams and fed postweaning the HF diet (C/HF, n = 10), from HF-fed dams and fed postweaning the C diet (HF/C, n = 10), and from HF-fed dams and fed postweaning the HF diet (HF/HF, n = 10). Values are expressed as relative fold change normalized to the C/C group, with 1 being the value obtained from the C/C group. All values are reported as means ± SEM; ###P<.001, ####P<.0001, comparing effects of maternal diet vs. offspring diet (two-way ANOVA). ∗P<.05, ∗∗P<.01, ∗∗∗P<.001, ∗∗∗∗P<.0001 vs. C/C group or with other groups as indicated (post hoc Tukey's test). Fertility and Sterility 2014 102, 899-907DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.015) Copyright © 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions