Volume kinetics of glucose solutions given by intravenous infusion† F. Sjöstrand, L. Edsberg, R.G. Hahn  British Journal of Anaesthesia  Volume 87, Issue 6, Pages 834-843 (December 2001) DOI: 10.1093/bja/87.6.834 Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 The model used to analyse the volume kinetics when an osmotic gradient acts like a driving force, f(t), in the distribution of infused fluid (top). When glucose 2.5 and 5% were infused, expansion of V2 did not become statistically significant, and water then entered V3 in proportion to the insulin-dependent uptake of glucose to the cells (middle). Ringer's solution does not induce any marked osmotic fluid shift and, therefore, expands only one or two body fluid spaces, which communicate freely at a rate governed by a constant kt (bottom). The elimination of fluid is given by basal fluid losses, kb, and a renal mechanism which operates at a rate given by the product of kr and the dilution of V1. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 87, 834-843DOI: (10.1093/bja/87.6.834) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 The blood haemoglobin (top), plasma glucose (middle) and serum insulin (bottom) concentrations during and after a 45-min i.v. infusion of approximately 1 litre of glucose 2.5%, glucose 5%, and Ringer's acetate solution in healthy male volunteers. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 87, 834-843DOI: (10.1093/bja/87.6.834) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Dilution–time curves for individual volunteer experiments (fine lines) and a simulated curve based on the mean values for the parameter estimates obtained in the volume kinetic analysis of these experiments (thick lines). Two modelled curves are shown for Ringer's acetate (right figure) as the two-volume model was statistically justified in six of the nine experiments (upper thick line) and the one-volume model in the others (lower thick line), the latter being based on experiments illustrated by irregular fine lines. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 87, 834-843DOI: (10.1093/bja/87.6.834) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Calculated uptake of glucose into the cells during and after infusion of glucose 2.5% (upper) and glucose 5% (lower) for individual volunteer experiments (fine lines) and as the mean for the group (thick line). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 87, 834-843DOI: (10.1093/bja/87.6.834) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 The fractional dilution of venous plasma in 12 experiments when 12.5 ml kg−1 of glucose 2.5% was given by i.v. infusion to male volunteers over 45 min (dots) and the curve fits resulting from the subsequent volume kinetic analysis (fine lines). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 87, 834-843DOI: (10.1093/bja/87.6.834) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Simulations of the dilution of V1 (top), the volume change of V1 (middle), and the volume change of the most remote body fluid space, V2 or V3 (bottom), when about 1 litre of glucose 2.5%, glucose 5%, and Ringer's acetate solution are infused at a constant rate over 45 min. The curves were based on the mean values obtained in the volume kinetic analyses shown in Tables 1 and 2. For Ringer's acetate, however, the simulated curve is the weighted mean for the three experiments analysed by the one-volume model and the six analysed by the two-volume model, that is dilution (t) = (3 × one-volume curve (t)+6 × two-volume curve (t))/9. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 87, 834-843DOI: (10.1093/bja/87.6.834) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions