Optical microscopy Magnification We want to see more details

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Optical microscopy Magnification We want to see more details MENA3100, 14.01.09 OBK Optical microscopy Magnification Resolution Contrast We want to see more details Simple microscope

The simple microscope Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632−1723)

The compound microscope ca. 1595 Hans Janssen Robert Hook (1635−1703) Micrographia, 1664

Stereo microscope

Compound microscope for transmitted light

Inverted compound microscope for reflected light

Refraction Kromatisk abberation

Spherical abberation

Corrections The objective

NA = nsina Resolution R = 0,61l/NA Numerical aperture (NA) Rayleigh criterion (Raleigh in Brandon and Kaplan)

The limiting factor: Diffraction NA = nsina Oil immersion

Condenser system Eyepice Ocular (okular) More is needed than just the objective Condenser system Eyepice Ocular (okular)

Optical anisotropy Calcite

Amorphous and cubic: Optically isotropic, one refracive index Hexagonal, trigonal, tetragonal: Optically anisotropic, two refractive indices Lower symmetry: Optically anisotropic, three refractive indices

Optically active crystals in the microscope

Optically active crystals in the microscope

Michel-Levy chart

Remember that geologists often call their book on microscopy on thin sections for optical crystallography, and microscopy with reflected light is ore microscopy (malmmikroskopi). Some web sites: http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/ http://www.microscopyu.com/ http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/ http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/pdfs/basicsandbeyond.pdf maintenance: http://www.zeiss.de/C1256D18002CC306/0/1205E8CBD68054EAC125701500404705/$file/46-0009_e.pdf

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