The Rise of Dictators Post World War I Europe

Two Terms Totalitarian Dictator Ruling a country and its people with complete control Tyrant: Tyrannous, Latin term associated with Rex (king) A person who rules a country with absolute control in a cruel and brutal way

Germany Devastated by the _______ ___ _________ Huge ________ _______ Experienced political ___________

Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919 Provisions III. League of Nations Germany loses territory Forced to disarm Forced to pay reparations Forced to accept responsibility for war III. League of Nations 1. Germany not allowed to join until ______ http://www.history.com/topics/treaty-of-versailles

Economic Depression Inflation Unemployment Prices ______ Destroyed the ______ _______ Unemployment 1. 1928: _________ 2. 1932: _________

Political Upheaval 1918: Kaiser removed New Government 1932 Election Replaced by the ________ ______ New Government I. Many unwilling to accept new gov., especially in ________ 1932 Election Too many parties (28) #9: National Socialist German Worker’s Party

Rise of the Nazi Party I. Started in Bavaria in _______ II. Did not respect the Weimar Republic Beliefs: 1. Intense Nationalism 2. Social Darwinism 3. anti-Liberalism 4. anti-rationalism 5. anti-Marxism 6. anti-Semitism

National Socialist German Party _______ Hitler takes over party II. Had thousands of followers by ______ III. Hitler runs for President in 1932, comes in _______

Beer Hall Putsch Nov. 8-9, 1923: Munich Hitler’s first attempt to overthrow the government Tried to kidnap leader of Bavaria, Gustav von Kahr Approx. 2500 Nazis exchange fire with state police Fails Hitler sent to prison, writes Mein Kempf

Chancellor Named by ________ by Pres. Paul von Hindenburg in 1932 Enabling Act: Gave his decrees power they did not have before 1934: _________ dies, Hitler declares himself _________

Geheime Staatspolizei The Gestapo

Origin Nazi party’s secret police Under direct control of _________________ _________ and ________ anyone who was a “threat” to Nazism The law Had own courts Judge, Jury, Executioner Outside normal judicial system

Purpose Hunt out enemies of the state Jews Communists Jehovah Witnesses Anyone who challenged the Nazis

Tactics/Methods Fear “Protective Custody” Spies Everywhere at once People’s Court Guaranteed death sentence Spies 1. Used nationals to spy on each other in occupied countries

Youth in the Reich

Hitler Youth Nazi Youth League Growth 1. 1922-1945 1923: 1,000+ 1925: 5,000+ 1932: 107,956 1933: 2,300,000

Requirements Boys 14-18 years old 18 year olds join Nazi Party and Storm Troopers

Late 1930s Tried to ____ ____ 10 and older members Mandatory education in Nazi philosophy (___________) 1939: _______ youth organization in world (7.3 million)

1943-45 __________ into military service 1943:12 SS-Panzer Division of Hitlerjugend 1. 1945: ______ soldiers, __ tank surrender to Amer. 7th Army

Swing Kids Swing Jugend

Counter Culture Youth anti-Nazi movement 14-18 year olds 1. Would rather dance than join Hitler Youth Berlin and Hamburg

Offensive? Jazz music offensive to Nazi philosophy Copied British and American youth in dress and style Rented halls and clubs to dance in

Italy Came out of World War I in _____ _______ Looked to re-build the ______ empire Became a colonial power in ________ and _______

Benito Mussolini Political _____: Est. Paramilitary Fascist movement Saw himself as modern ______ 1921: ______________ 1926: _______ II. Military 1. _______ in WWI 2. Used ______ to gain political power 3. 1939: Allied with _________

What was a similar vision that both Hitler and Mussolini had for their countries?

Italian Colonialism Europe Africa 1 Spanish Civil War (__________) 2. Albania (_____) Africa Libya (_______) Somalia (_______) Ethiopia (________)

Russia Bolshevik Revolution = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics _________ _______

Bolshevik Revolution Nov. 1917 Occupy gov. buildings in ________ Install new gov. World’s first Marxist state Vladimir Lenin at head Later rename country Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Stalin Ruled ________ Domestic Terror Society Revolution 1. Took power after Lenin died Domestic Terror _________ died Executed ________ Sent others to ______ ______ Society Revolution 1. Changed from farming/peasants to _______ ______